{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T02:07:54Z","timestamp":1794535674039,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON), called Teaming for Excellence","award":["No. 101059985, No. 10-042-P-0002."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 101059985, No. 10-042-P-0002."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T19:04:49Z","timestamp":1771614289000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["First report of Atriotaenia tapeworms and Sarcocystis protists in invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Lithuania"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Evelina","family":"Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Maziliauskait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasa","family":"Vaitkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Koklevi\u010dien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u017divil\u0117","family":"Strazdait\u0117-\u017dielien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Servien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalius","family":"Butkauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petras","family":"Prakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"5345_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-019-1339-6","volume":"65","author":"M Stope","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stope M. Wild raccoons in Germany as a reservoir for zoonotic agents. Eur J Wildl Res. 2019;65:94.","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"5345_CR2","unstructured":"Bal\u010diauskas L. Paprastasis me\u0161k\u0117nas. In: Invazin\u0117s r\u016b\u0161ys Lietuvoje. 2017."},{"key":"5345_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"M Jasiulionis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jasiulionis M, Stirk\u0117 V, Bal\u010diauskas L. Invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoon (Procyon lotor) monitoring in Lithuania based on camera traps data. Biol Life Sci Forum. 2022;15:1\u20133.","journal-title":"Biol Life Sci Forum"},{"key":"5345_CR4","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Lietuvos mokslas: t\u0119stinis, Serijinis Mokslo darb\u0173 Leidinys lietuvai Ir pasauliui. Knyga 32: Lietuvos dirvo\u017eemiai","author":"V Buivydait\u0117","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buivydait\u0117 V, Vai\u010dys M, Juodis J, Motuzas A. Lietuvos dirvo\u017eemi\u0173 Klasifikacija 1999 [Lithuanian soil classification 1999]. Lietuvos mokslas: t\u0119stinis, Serijinis Mokslo darb\u0173 Leidinys lietuvai Ir pasauliui. Knyga 32: Lietuvos dirvo\u017eemiai. Vilnius: Lietuvos mokslas; 2001. pp. 335\u2013404."},{"key":"5345_CR5","unstructured":"State Forest Enterprise (Valstybini\u0173 mi\u0161k\u0173 ur\u0117dija). Kretinga regional Division. forest inventory (taksora\u0161tis) of Juodkrant\u0117 forest district. Internal electronic document; 2013."},{"key":"5345_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12070919","volume":"12","author":"NP Reinhardt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reinhardt NP, Wassermann M, H\u00e4rle J, Romig T, Kurzrock L, Arnold J, et al. Helminths in invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Southwest Germany. Pathogens. 2023;12:919.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"5345_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020273","volume":"13","author":"MB Stope","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stope MB. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) as a neozoon in Europe. Animals. 2023;13:273.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5345_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2023.04.011","volume":"21","author":"LF Wait","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wait LF, Johnson SR, Nelson KM, Chipman RB, Pogmore FE, Dobson AP, et al. Demographic, environmental and physiological predictors of Gastrointestinal parasites in urban raccoons. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2023;21:116\u201328.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"5345_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-011-0600-4","volume":"58","author":"B Beltr\u00e1n-Beck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beltr\u00e1n-Beck B, Garc\u00eda FJ, Gort\u00e1zar C. Raccoons in europe: disease hazards due to the establishment of an invasive species. Eur J Wildl Res. 2012;58:5\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur J Wildl Res"},{"key":"5345_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01412.x","volume":"59","author":"C Duncan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duncan C, Krafsur G, Podell B, Baeten LA, LeVan I, Charles B, Ehrhart EJ. Leptospirosis and tularaemia in raccoons (Procyon lotor) of Larimer Country, Colorado. Zoonoses Public Health. 2012;59:29\u201334.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"5345_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13030270","volume":"13","author":"JC Klink","year":"2024","unstructured":"Klink JC, Rieger A, Wohlsein P, Siebert U, Obiegala A. Vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Schleswig-Holstein. Ger Pathogens. 2024;13:270.","journal-title":"Ger Pathogens"},{"key":"5345_CR12","volume-title":"Lietuvos mi\u0161k\u0173 Tipai","author":"S Karazija","year":"1988","unstructured":"Karazija S. Lietuvos mi\u0161k\u0173 Tipai. Vilnius: Mokslas; 1988."},{"key":"5345_CR13","unstructured":"Curonian Spit National Park Directorate. Mammals of the Curonian Spit. Available from https:\/\/nerija.lrv.lt\/lt\/apie-nacionalini-parka\/gamta-1\/gyvunija\/zinduoliai. Accessed 05 Jan 2026."},{"key":"5345_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D20","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.32","volume":"45","author":"SK Verma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verma SK, Lindsay DS, Grigg ME, Dubey JP. Isolation, culture and cryopreservation of Sarcocystis species. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2017;45:D20\u20131.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Microbiol"},{"key":"5345_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Veit P, Bilger B, Schad V, Sch\u00e4fer J, Frank W, Lucius R. Influence of environmental factors on the infectivity of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs. Parasitol. 1995;110: 79-86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000081075","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000081075"},{"key":"5345_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1139\/z94-250","volume":"72","author":"J Priemer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Priemer J, Lux E. Atriotaenia Incisa (Cestoda), a parasite of the badger, Meles meles, and the raccoon, Procyon lotor, in Brandenburg, Germany. Can J Zool. 1994;72:1848\u201353.","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"5345_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00354-X","volume":"93","author":"HR Gamble","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gamble HR, Bessonov AS, Cuperlovic K, Gajadhar AA, Van Knapen F, Noeckler K, et al. International commission on trichinellosis: recommendations on methods for the control of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals intended for human consumption. Vet Parasitol. 2000;93:393\u2013408.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR18","first-page":"85","volume":"11","author":"E Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, Maziliauskait\u0117 E, Kirju\u0161ina M, Prakas P, Vaitkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 R, Stankevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J, et al. Identification of Sarcocystis and Trichinella species in muscles of Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) from Lithuania. Vet Sci. 2024;11:85.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"5345_CR19","first-page":"55354","volume":"3","author":"A Mayer-Scholl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayer-Scholl A, Pozio E, Gayda J, Thaben N, Bahn P, N\u00f6ckler K. Magnetic stirrer method for the detection of Trichinella larvae in muscle samples. J Vis Exp. 2017;3:55354.","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"5345_CR20","first-page":"299","volume":"216","author":"E Pozio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pozio E, La Rosa G. PCR-derived methods for the identification of Trichinella parasites from animal and human samples. Methods Mol Biol. 2003;216:299\u2013309.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"5345_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112588","volume":"12","author":"S Srirungruang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Srirungruang S, Mahajindawong B, Nimitpanya P, Bunkasem U, Ayuyoe P, Nuchprayoon S, et al. Comparative study of DNA extraction methods for the PCR detection of intestinal parasites in human stool samples. Diagnostics. 2022;12:2588.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"5345_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gjerde B. Phylogenetic relationships among Sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Int J Parasitol. 2013;43:579-591.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.02.004"},{"key":"5345_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakas P, Stirk\u0117 V, \u0160neideris D, Rakauskait\u0117 P, Butkauskas D, Bal\u010diauskas L. Protozoan parasites of Sarcocystis spp. in rodents from commercial orchards. Animals. 2023;13:2087.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132087"},{"key":"5345_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakas P, Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117 E, \u0160neideris D, Butkauskas D. Invasive American mink (Neovison vison) as potential definitive host of Sarcocystis elongata, S. entzerothi, S. japonica, S. truncata and S. silva using different cervid species as intermediate hosts. Parasitol Res. 2021;120:2243-50.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07180-1"},{"key":"5345_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GjerdeB. Molecular characterisation of Sarcocystis rileyi from a common eider (Somateria mollissima) in\u00a0Norway. Parasitol Res. 2014;113:3501-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4062-y"},{"key":"5345_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutkien\u0117 L, Prakas P, Sruoga A, Butkauskas D. The mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) as intermediate host for Sarcocystis wobeseri sp. nov. from the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Parasitol Res. 2010;107:879-88.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1945-4"},{"key":"5345_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, \u0160va\u017eas S, \u0160neideris D, Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117 E, Butkauskas D, Prakas P. The role of birds of the family Corvidae in transmitting Sarcocystis protozoan parasites. Animals. 2021;11:3258.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113258"},{"key":"5345_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldberg TL, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Deering KM, Wallace RS, Clyde VL, Lauck M, et al. Fatal metacestode infection in Bornean orangutan caused by unknown Versteria species. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:109-13.","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.131191"},{"key":"5345_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.12.010","volume":"161","author":"JH Roelfsema","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roelfsema JH, Nozari N, Pinelli E, Kortbeek LM. Novel PCRs for differential diagnosis of cestodes. Exp Parasitol. 2016;161:20\u20136.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR30","unstructured":"Gavarreh H, Ozoli\u0146a V, Prakas P, \u0160va\u017eas S, Butkauskas D. Identification and genetic characterization of Sarcocystis Arctica and Sarcocystis lutrae in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Baltic States and Spain. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:973\u201383."},{"key":"5345_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030467","volume":"13","author":"P Prakas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prakas P, Moskaliova D, \u0160neideris D, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, Maziliauskait\u0117 E, \u0160va\u017eas S, et al. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis rileyi and Sarcocystis sp. closely related to Sarcocystis wenzeli in intestines of Mustelids from Lithuania. Animals. 2023;13:467.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5345_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15172575","volume":"15","author":"FA Aryan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aryan FA, El-Azazy OM, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, \u0160neideris D, Tahrani LM, Butkauskas D, et al. Morphological and molecular description of Sarcocystis meriones n. sp. from the Libyan Jird (Meriones libycus) in Kuwait. Animals. 2025;15:2575.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5345_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol. 2021;38:3022\u20137.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"5345_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102354","volume":"83","author":"C Romeo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romeo C, Cafiso A, Fesce E, Mart\u00ednez-Rond\u00e1n FJ, Panzeri M, Martinoli A, et al. Lost and found: helminths infecting invasive raccoons introduced to Italy. Parasitol Int. 2021;83:102354.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"5345_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0320-y","volume":"100","author":"A Malakauskas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malakauskas A, Paulauskas V, J\u00e4rvis T, Keidans P, Eddi C, Kapel CMO. Molecular epidemiology of Trichinella spp. In three Baltic countries: Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Parasitol Res. 2007;100:687\u201393.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/13921657.2001.10512477","volume":"11","author":"J Senutait\u0117","year":"2001","unstructured":"Senutait\u0117 J, Grikienien\u0117 J. Prevalence of Trichinella in muscles of some domestic and wild mammals in Lithuania and their impact on the organism. Acta Zool Litu. 2001;11:395\u2013404.","journal-title":"Acta Zool Litu"},{"key":"5345_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3547-4","volume":"112","author":"ZM Renter\u00eda-Sol\u00eds","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renter\u00eda-Sol\u00eds ZM, Hamedy A, Michler FU, Michler BA, L\u00fccker E, Stier N, et al. Alaria alata mesocercariae in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany. Parasitol Res. 2013;112:3595\u2013600.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[1150:ICOSNI]2.0.CO;2","volume":"86","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Hamir AN. Immunohistochemical confirmation of Sarcocystis neurona infections in raccoons, mink, cat, skunk, and pony. J Parasitol. 2000;86:1150\u20132.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.01.026","volume":"209","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Howe DK, Furr M, Saville WJ, Marsh AE, Reed SM, et al. An update on Sarcocystis neurona infections in animals and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Vet Parasitol. 2015;209:1\u201342.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2023.08.001","volume":"53","author":"A Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta A, Duncan M, Sweeny AR, de Araujo LS, Kwok OCH, Rosenthal BM, et al. The same genotype of Sarcocystis neurona responsible for mass mortality in marine mammals induced a clinical outbreak in raccoons (Procyon lotor) 10 years later. Int J Parasitol. 2023;53:777\u201385.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2307\/3282827","volume":"76","author":"DE Snyder","year":"1990","unstructured":"Snyder DE, Sanderson GC, Toivio-Kinnucan M, Blagburn BL. Sarcocystis kirkpatricki n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in muscles of raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Illinois. J Parasitol. 1990;76:495\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03211.x","volume":"34","author":"CE Kirkpatrick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick CE, Hamir AN, Dubey JP, Rupprecht CE. Sarcocystis in muscles of raccoons (Procyon lotor L). J Protozool. 1987;34:445\u20137.","journal-title":"J Protozool"},{"key":"5345_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04108-z","volume":"13","author":"O M\u00e1ca","year":"2020","unstructured":"M\u00e1ca O. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis lutrae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, and the common raccoon, Procyon lotor, in the Czech Republic. Parasites Vectors. 2020;13:231.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"5345_CR44","first-page":"145","volume":"63","author":"M Stolte","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stolte M, Odening K, Walter G, Bockhardt I. The raccoon as intermediate host of three Sarcocystis species in Europe. Comp Parasitol. 1996;63:145\u20139.","journal-title":"Comp Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021024","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612025038","volume":"34","author":"JS Lignon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lignon JS, Pinto DM, Monteiro SG, Martins KR, Cunha RC, Lima DD, et al. First molecular detection of Sarcocystis Arctica (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) infecting crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) in Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2025;34:e021024.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"},{"key":"5345_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-4251-8","volume":"114","author":"B Gjerde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gjerde B, Josefsen TD. Molecular characterisation of Sarcocystis lutrae n. sp. and Toxoplasma gondii from the musculature of two Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) in Norway. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:873\u201386.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000762","volume":"144","author":"T Lepore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lepore T, Bartley PM, Chianini F, Macrae AI, Innes EA, Katzer F. Molecular detection of Sarcocystis lutrae in the European Badger (Meles meles) in Scotland. Parasitology. 2017;144:1426\u201332.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"5345_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5793-y","volume":"117","author":"O M\u00e1ca","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00e1ca O. Molecular identification of sarcocystis lutrae in the European otter (Lutra lutra) and the European Badger (Meles meles) from the Czech Republic. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:943\u20135.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5880-0","volume":"117","author":"P Prakas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prakas P, Strazdait\u0117-\u017dielien\u0117 \u017d, Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117 E, Servien\u0117 E, Butkauskas D. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis lutrae (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in muscles of five species of the family Mustelidae. Parasitol Res. 2018;117:1989\u201393.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2025.101069","volume":"27","author":"KM Shanebeck","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shanebeck KM, Hern\u00e1ndez-Ortiz A, Jenkins EJ, Thomas PJ, Dixon BR, Merks H, et al. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Types I, II, III and 12) and Sarcocystis spp. In the brains of river otter (Lontra canadensis) from Alberta, Canada. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2025;27:101069.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"5345_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2412.1","volume":"96","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Reichard MV, Torretti L, Garvon JM, Sundar N, Grigg ME. Two new species of Sarcocystis (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) infecting the Wolverine (Gulo gulo) from Nunavut, Canada. J Parasitol. 2010;96:972\u20136.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981829","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.981829","volume":"9","author":"O M\u00e1ca","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00e1ca O, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sol\u00eds D. White-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) as the definitive host of Sarcocystis lutrae in the Czech Republic. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:981829.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"5345_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.12.008","volume":"17","author":"KH Rogers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rogers KH, Arranz-Sol\u00eds D, Saeij JP, Lewis S, Mete A. Sarcocystis calchasi and other sarcocystidae detected in predatory birds in California, USA. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2022;17:91\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"5345_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12060752","volume":"12","author":"T \u0160ukyt\u0117","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0160ukyt\u0117 T, Butkauskas D, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, \u0160va\u017eas S, Prakas P. Molecular confirmation of accipiter birds of prey as definitive hosts of numerous sarcocystis species, including sarcocystis sp. closely related to pathogenic S. calchasi. Pathogens. 2023;12:752.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"5345_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14162391","volume":"14","author":"T \u0160ukyt\u0117","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u0160ukyt\u0117 T, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, \u0160va\u017eas S, Butkauskas D, Prakas P. The genetic identification of numerous apicomplexan Sarcocystis species in intestines of common buzzard (Buteo buteo). Animals. 2024;14:2391.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5345_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakas P, Stankevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J, \u0160va\u017eas S, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, Butkauskas D, Vaitkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117-Bal\u010d\u0117 R. Sarcocystis spp. macrocysts infection in wildfowl species in Eastern Baltic region: trends in prevalence in 2011\u20132022. Animals. 2023;13:2875.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182875"},{"key":"5345_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-17.3.387","volume":"17","author":"RJ Wicht","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wicht RJ. Transmission of Sarcocystis rileyi to the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). J Wildl Dis. 1981;17:387\u20138.","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"5345_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.011","volume":"220","author":"G Mor\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mor\u00e9 G, Maksimov A, Conraths FJ, Schares G. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. In foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) from Germany. Vet Parasitol. 2016;220:9\u201314.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4348-8","volume":"114","author":"P Prakas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prakas P, Liaugaudait\u0117 S, Kutkien\u0117 L, Sruoga A, \u0160va\u017eas S. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis rileyi sporocysts in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania. Parasitol Res. 2015;114:1671\u20136.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150590923326","volume":"54","author":"JJ Flynn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flynn JJ, Finarelli JA, Zehr S, Hsu J, Nedbal MA. Molecular phylogeny of the carnivora (Mammalia): assessing the impact of increased sampling on resolving enigmatic relationships. Syst Biol. 2005;54:317\u201337.","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"5345_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.09.009","volume":"53","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dubey JP, Rosenthal BM. Bovine sarcocystosis: Sarcocystis species, diagnosis, prevalence, economic and public health considerations, and association of Sarcocystis species with eosinophilic myositis in cattle. Int J Parasitol. 2023;53:463\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubiola S, Mor\u00e9 G, Civera T, Hemphill A, Frey CF, Basso W et al. Detection of Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis bovifelis, Sarcocystis cruzi, Sarcocystis hirsuta and Sarcocystis sigmoideus sp. nov. in carcasses affected by bovine eosinophilic myositis. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2024;34:e00220.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2024.e00220"},{"key":"5345_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102419","volume":"85","author":"E Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117 E, Prakas P, Butkauskas D. Molecular identification of seven Sarcocystis species in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Lithuania. Parasitol Int. 2021;85:102419.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"5345_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prakas P P, Rudaityt\u0117-Luko\u0161ien\u0117 E, \u0160neideris D, Butkauskas D. Invasive American Mink (Neovison vison) as potential definitive host of Sarcocystis elongata, S. entzerothi, S. japonica, S. truncata and S. silva using different Cervid species as intermediate hosts. Parasitol Res. 2021;120:2243\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-021-07180-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07180-1"},{"key":"5345_CR65","first-page":"379","volume":"12","author":"P Prakas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prakas P, Vaitkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 R, Gudi\u0161kis N, Grigali\u016bnait\u0117 E, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, Stankevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117 J, et al. European pine Marten (Martes martes) as natural definitive host of Sarcocystis species in latvia: microscopic and molecular analysis. Vet Sci. 2025;12:379.","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"5345_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182022001044","volume":"149","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubey JP. Redescription, deposition of life-cycle stage specimens of Sarcocystis bovifelis Heydorn, Gestrich, Mehlhorn and Rommel, 1975, and amendment to Sarcocystis hirsuta Moul\u00e9, 1888. Parasitology. 2022;149:1575\u201389.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"5345_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4785-4","volume":"115","author":"B Gjerde","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gjerde B. The resurrection of a species: sarcocystis bovifelis Heydorn et al., 1975 is distinct from the current sarcocystis hirsuta in cattle and morphologically indistinguishable from sarcocystis sinensis in water buffaloes. Parasitol Res. 2016;115:1\u201321.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"5345_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030822","volume":"11","author":"P Prakas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prakas P, Bal\u010diauskas L, Juozaityt\u0117-Ngugu E, Butkauskas D. The role of Mustelids in the transmission of Sarcocystis spp. Using cattle as intermediate hosts. Animals. 2021;11:822.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"5345_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2872.1","volume":"98","author":"LA Gomez-Puerta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gomez-Puerta LA, Ticona DS, Lopez-Urbina MT, Gonzalez AE. A new species of Atriotaenia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the hog-nosed skunk Conepatus Chinga (Carnivora: Mephitidae) in Peru. J Parasitol. 2012;98:806\u20139.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2307\/3274382","volume":"45","author":"WW Gallati","year":"1959","unstructured":"Gallati WW. Life history, morphology and taxonomy of Atriotaenia (Ershovia) procyonis (Cestoda: Linstowiidae), a parasite of the raccoon. J Parasitol. 1959;45:363\u201377.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"5345_CR71","unstructured":"Michler BA. Koproskopische Untersuchungen zum Nahrungsspektrum des Waschb\u00e4ren Procyon lotor (Linn\u00e9, 1758) im M\u00fcritz-Nationalpark (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) unter spezieller Ber\u00fccksichtigung des Artenschutzes und des Endoparasitenbefalls [PhD thesis]. Dresden: Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden; 2017."},{"key":"5345_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley SW, Horner NV. The Prevalence of Cestodes in Raccoons (Procyon lotor) from North-Central Texas. Comp Parasitol. 2008;75:292-8.","DOI":"10.1654\/4342.1"},{"key":"5345_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monello R, Gompper M. Effects of resource availability and social aggregation on the species richness of raccoon endoparasite infracommunities. Oikos. 2011;120:1427-33.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2011.19260.x"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1774620134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05345-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania enacted the Law on Hunting (No. IX-966, dated June 20, 2002), which permits the year-round hunting of raccoons in Lithuania. Ethical approval and additional permits were not required, as the animals were obtained in accordance with local legislation and institutional guidelines. The raccoons had been legally hunted and were collected in collaboration with the Kaunas Tadas Ivanauskas Zoology Museum, the Lithuanian national authority responsible for the handling of deceased animals. No raccoons were killed specifically for the purposes of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"190"}}