{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:59:06Z","timestamp":1781643546008,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009827","name":"Alexandria University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009827","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amniotic membrane has gained interest as a biological dressing due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties. However, its short shelf life and limited availability often constrain its clinical use in veterinary medicine. This report describes, for the first time, the use of bovine-derived AM preserved in a 1% propolis medium as a xenogeneic biological dressing for the management of extensive skin necrosis in a cat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An eight-month-old female domestic cat (1.9 kg, unvaccinated) presented with severe dorsal skin sloughing and purulent discharge following subcutaneous fluid therapy for calicivirus infection. The wound involved approximately 12\u201315% of the body surface area. Initial management included systemic and topical antibiotics with daily cleansing for 5\u20137 days until the wound bed appeared dry and clean. Bovine AM preserved in propolis at \u221220 \u00b0C for 21 days was applied once the wound was ready for biological coverage. A second AM application was performed 30 days later using a membrane preserved for ~50 days. Quantitative analysis showed progressive wound closure from 97.1 cm\u00b2 at baseline to complete epithelialization by Day 33 and full functional recovery with hair regrowth by Day 74. No recurrence, infection, or excessive scarring was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case demonstrates that propolis-preserved bovine AM can serve as a practical, biologically active xenogeneic graft promoting rapid wound healing in cats. The findings suggest that propolis is a promising natural preservative that maintains AM bioactivity during storage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T01:33:15Z","timestamp":1774402395000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Successful management of a large feline skin defect using xenogeneic bovine amniotic membrane: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alaa","family":"Waleed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howaida","family":"Abu-Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Kassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Elkhenany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"5389_CR1","unstructured":"Smeak DD. Wound reconstruction techniques: free skin grafts. (2020)."},{"issue":"1","key":"5389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02684-0","volume":"13","author":"H Elkhenany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elkhenany H, El-Derby A, Abd Elkodous M, Salah RA, Lotfy A, El-Badri N. Applications of the amniotic membrane in tissue engineering and regeneration: the hundred-year challenge. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022;13(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-021-02684-0.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"5389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106062","volume":"100","author":"H Elkhenany","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elkhenany H, Abou-Shanab AM, Magdy S, Kamar SS, Salah RA, Badri NE. Comprehensive evaluation of ethanol-preserved amniotic extracts: Exploring antioxidant properties, proliferation enhancement, protective efficacy and regeneration potential in wound healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2024;100:106062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.106062.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5389_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-022-00651-2","volume":"17","author":"R Hossain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hossain R, Quispe C, Khan RA, Saikat ASM, Ray P, Ongalbek D, Yeskaliyeva B, Jain D, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Kiani R, Kobarfard F, Mojgani N, Saffarian P, Ayatollahi SA, Sarkar C, Islam MT, Keriman D, U\u00e7ar A, Martorell M, Sureda A, Pintus G, Butnariu M, Sharifi-Rad J, Cho WC. Propolis: An update on its chemistry and pharmacological applications. Chin Med. 2022;17(1):100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13020-022-00651-2.","journal-title":"Chin Med"},{"key":"5389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108861","volume":"115","author":"H Elkhenany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elkhenany H, El-Badri N, Dhar M. Green propolis extract promotes in vitro proliferation, differentiation, and migration of bone marrow stromal cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;115:108861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108861.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"5389_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-022-03737-4","volume":"22","author":"OM Elkhateeb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Elkhateeb OM, Badawy MEI, Noreldin AE, Abou-Ahmed HM, El-Kammar MH, Elkhenany HA. Comparative evaluation of propolis nanostructured lipid carriers and its crude extract for antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, and skin regeneration potential. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022;22(1):256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-022-03737-4.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"5389_CR7","first-page":"748","volume":"15","author":"N Fitriani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fitriani N, Wilar G, Narsa AC, Mohammed AFA, Wathoni N. Application Amniotic Membrane Skin Regeneration Pharm. 2023;15(3):748.","journal-title":"Application Amniotic Membrane Skin Regeneration Pharm"},{"issue":"184","key":"5389_CR8","first-page":"73","volume":"71","author":"E Motiea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Motiea E, Hussein MT, Hussein KH. Investigating the healing potential of fresh amniotic membranes in full-thickness canine skin wounds. Assiut Veterinary Med J. 2025;71(184):73\u201380.","journal-title":"Assiut Veterinary Med J"},{"key":"5389_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yu D, Kwon YJ, Kim CH, Han I, Hwang JM, Kim KT. Therapeutic Potential Bovine Amniotic Membrane Wound Healing: Insights Mouse Model Cells. 2025;14(14). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14141040.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14141040"},{"issue":"19","key":"5389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9842","DOI":"10.3390\/app12199842","volume":"12","author":"AS Bugshan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bugshan AS, AlJanobi HA, AlMunif RA, AlShubaili RR, AlHarbi NM, Khusheim SA, AlShuyukh MH, Khan AM. Propolis as a Potential Novel Histological Tissue Fixative: A Preliminary Analysis. Appl Sci. 2022;12(19):9842.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"5389_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Segueni N, Boutaghane N, Asma ST, Tas N, Acaroz U, Arslan-Acaroz D, Shah SRA, Abdellatieff HA, Akkal S, Pe\u00f1alver R, Nieto G. Review on Propolis Applications in Food Preservation and Active Packaging. Plants (Basel). 2023;12(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants12081654.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12081654"},{"issue":"1","key":"5389_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12612","volume":"37","author":"A Bunwanna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bunwanna A, Damrongrungruang T, Puasiri S, Kantrong N, Chailertvanitkul P. Preservation of the viability and gene expression of human periodontal ligament cells by Thai propolis extract. Dent Traumatol. 2021;37(1):123\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/edt.12612.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"5389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.2147\/opth.s208008","volume":"14","author":"A Walkden","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walkden A. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ophthalmology: An Updated Perspective. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:2057\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/opth.s208008.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"14","key":"5389_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0243","volume":"108","author":"D Meller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meller D, Pauklin M, Thomasen H, Westekemper H, Steuhl KP. Amniotic membrane transplantation in the human eye. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011;108(14):243\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2011.0243.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"5389_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.17221\/155\/2020-vetmed","volume":"67","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim D, Seo D, Hwang H, Kim Y, Chung T, Lim S, Lee H, Kim M, Park S, Youn H. Clinical application of both amniotic membranes and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in a cat with a large skin defect. Vet Med (Praha). 2022;67(2):105\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17221\/155\/2020-vetmed.","journal-title":"Vet Med (Praha)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5389_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15605","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95023-9","volume":"15","author":"KH Hussein","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussein KH, Motiea E, Hussein MT. Efficacy of xenogeneic fresh and lyophilized amniotic membranes on the healing of experimentally induced full-thickness skin wounds in dogs. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):15605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-95023-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"5389_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1424-6","volume":"349","author":"AC Mamede","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mamede AC, Carvalho MJ, Abrantes AM, Laranjo M, Maia CJ, Botelho MF. Amniotic membrane: from structure and functions to clinical applications. 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J Burn Care Res. 2008;29(6):907\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31818b9e40.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:48:16Z","timestamp":1781642896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05389-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This case study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. The approved protocol covered both experimental and clinical applications, including the use of xenogeneic bovine amniotic membrane preserved using different preservation agents to enhance membrane quality, and was authorized by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Alexandria University (Approval No. AU01361220250381).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the animal\u2019s owner for publication of the clinical details and accompanying images.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"213"}}