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In this context, cortisol concentration and neutrophil granulocytes-to-lymphocyte ratio (NEU: LYM) are expected to increase. On the functional pathway, stress reduces the oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils and therefore, the leucocyte coping capacity (LCC) quantifying this oxygen radical generation of neutrophils. Therefore, we hypothesized that in ponies subjected to repetitive handling, LCC will decrease and will be negatively correlated with cortisol concentration and NEU: LYM ratio. Thus, LCC was measured over 90\u00a0min by a portable chemiluminometer in nine university owned ponies involved in a vaccination study that included handling and sampling over 42 days. The area under the curve for LCC (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and LCC: NEU (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), cortisol concentration measured by a validated EIA and NEU: LYM ratio were compared before and at days 1, 3, 28, 31 and 42 after immunization by linear mixed models. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC<\/jats:sub>\n                      , AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      , cortisol concentration and NEU: LYM ratio.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC<\/jats:sub>\n                      , AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      and cortisol concentration showed a significant decrease. AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC<\/jats:sub>\n                      was moderately positively correlated with NEU: LYM and weakly positively correlated with cortisol concentration, but no correlations were found for AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The progressive decrease of AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC<\/jats:sub>\n                      , AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and cortisol concentration might indicate an increasing stress load. However, this was not supported by the time course of NEU: LYM ratio or by the correlations between these parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While the slight decrease in LCC over time partially supported our hypothesis, we found no evidence of correlations among AUC\n                      <jats:sub>LCC: NEU<\/jats:sub>\n                      and the other measured stress parameters. This may indicate that different stress markers reflect distinct endpoints within the physiological pathways of the stress response. Future studies should confirm these preliminary results and also incorporate ethograms to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the stress response and to further evaluate the value of LCC as a stress marker in horses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05618-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1781314508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploration of the relationship between laboratory stress parameters and leukocyte coping capacity in ponies exposed to repetitive handling during a research project"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Phebe","family":"De Heus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Maute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Palme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eike","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asisa","family":"Volz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessika -M. 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Ethical approval for the vaccination study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research under the Austrian Federal animal use license BMBWF 2022\u2009\u2212\u20090.118.159, changes documented under 2023\u2009\u2212\u20090.203.966.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"NH is a consultant for Oxford Medistress Ltd., guiding the enhancement and refinement of the LCC method for application in companion animals and livestock. He holds a position on the scientific board at OMS, contributing his expertise to the method\u2019s continuous advancement and optimal utilization in the field. The authors declare that they did not receive any financial support from OMS nor that the affiliation of NH with OMS has influenced the presented research (i.e. study design, reporting of results or data interpretation) in any way.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"483"}}