{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:41:51Z","timestamp":1792788111136,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662023DKPY004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662023DKPY004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Huazhong Agricultural University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/023b72294","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T10:32:53Z","timestamp":1783506773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide inhibits feline infectious peritonitis virus infection screened by a recombinant virus expressing eGFP protein"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaru","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangkai","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"5679_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1909-6","volume":"15","author":"F Mustaffa-Kamal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mustaffa-Kamal F, Liu H, Pedersen NC, Sparger EE. Characterization of antiviral T cell responses during primary and secondary challenge of laboratory cats with feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). BMC Vet Res. 2019;15:165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-019-1909-6.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"5679_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.12.027","volume":"517","author":"JA Jaimes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jaimes JA, Whittaker GR. Feline coronavirus: Insights into viral pathogenesis based on the spike protein structure and function. Virology. 2018;517:108\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2017.12.027.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"5679_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.031","volume":"124","author":"N Shiba","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shiba N, Maeda K, Kato H, Mochizuki M, Iwata H. Differentiation of feline coronavirus type I and II infections by virus neutralization test. Vet Microbiol. 2007;124:348\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.04.031.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"5679_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01089.x","volume":"40","author":"K Motokawa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Motokawa K, Hohdatsu T, Hashimoto H, Koyama H. Comparison of the amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the peplomer, integral membrane and nucleocapsid proteins of feline, canine and porcine coronaviruses. Microbiol Immunol. 1996;40:425\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01089.x.","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"5679_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.03.368","volume":"42","author":"NC Pedersen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pedersen NC, Boyle JF, Floyd K, Fudge A, Barker J. An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis. Am J Vet Res. 1981;42:368\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"5679_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4508","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4508-4514.1998","volume":"72","author":"AA Herrewegh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herrewegh AA, Smeenk I, Horzinek MC, Rottier PJ, de Groot RJ. Feline coronavirus type II strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 originate from a double recombination between feline coronavirus type I and canine coronavirus. J Virol. 1998;72:4508\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4508-4514.1998.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5679_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.53.337","volume":"53","author":"R Goitsuka","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goitsuka R, Tsuji M, Ohashi T, Onda C, Tuchiya K, Hirota Y, et al. Characterization of a feline infectious peritonitis virus isolate. J Vet Med Sci. 1991;53:337\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.53.337.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.12.2580","volume":"45","author":"NC Pedersen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pedersen NC, Evermann JF, McKeirnan AJ, Ott RL. Pathogenicity studies of feline coronavirus isolates 79-1146 and 79-1683. Am J Vet Res. 1984;45:2580\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"5679_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.010","volume":"99","author":"V Benetka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benetka V, K\u00fcbber-Heiss A, Kolodziejek J, Nowotny N, Hofmann-Parisot M, M\u00f6stl K. Prevalence of feline coronavirus types I and II in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Microbiol. 2004;99:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.07.010.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"5679_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.12.023","volume":"135","author":"N Decaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Decaro N, Mari V, Lanave G, Lorusso E, Lucente MS, Desario C, et al. Mutation analysis of the spike protein in Italian feline infectious peritonitis virus and feline enteric coronavirus sequences. Res Vet Sci. 2021;135:15\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.12.023.","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.04.016","volume":"99","author":"T Takano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takano T, Katoh Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. Effect of chloroquine on feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 2013;99:100\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.04.016.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"5679_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199059","volume":"326","author":"Y-Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao Y-Y, Wang Q, Liang X-Y, Zhang S, Bao D, Zhao H, et al. An updated review of feline coronavirus: mind the two biotypes. Virus Res. 2023;326:199059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199059.","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"5679_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.026","volume":"219","author":"BG Murphy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E, Bauer K, Park Y, Eckstrand C, et al. The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol. 2018;219:226\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.026.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"5679_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.099","volume":"183","author":"Z Simayi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simayi Z, Rozi P, Yang X, Ababaikeri G, Maimaitituoheti W, Bao X, et al. Isolation, structural characterization, biological activity, and application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides: Systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021;183:387\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.099.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5679_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.001","volume":"45","author":"Y-K Hong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hong Y-K, Wu H-T, Ma T, Liu W-J, He X-J. Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra polysaccharides on immune and antioxidant activities in high-fat mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009;45:61\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.04.001.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5679_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101549","volume":"101","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Y, Li N, Zhang T, Che Y, Duan K, Wang Y, et al. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides can improve and prolong the response of chickens to the Newcastle disease vaccine. Poult Sci. 2022;101:101549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101549.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081772","volume":"14","author":"C Huan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huan C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Ni B, Gao S. Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection by Interfering with Virus Attachment and Internalization. Viruses. 2022;14:1772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14081772.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5679_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02052-9","volume":"20","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Liu Y, Lou R, Lei Y, Li G, Xu Z, et al. Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides inhibits PRRSV replication. Virol J. 2023;20:140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12985-023-02052-9.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"5679_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.09.008","volume":"11","author":"NC Pedersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedersen NC. A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963\u20132008. J Feline Med Surg. 2009;11:225\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfms.2008.09.008.","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"5679_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.1315","volume":"70","author":"T Takano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takano T, Kawakami C, Yamada S, Satoh R, Hohdatsu T. Antibody-dependent enhancement occurs upon re-infection with the identical serotype virus in feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. J Vet Med Sci. 2008;70:1315\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.70.1315.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.77.8.4528-4538.2003","volume":"77","author":"BJ Haijema","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haijema BJ, Volders H, Rottier PJM. Switching species tropism: an effective way to manipulate the feline coronavirus genome. J Virol. 2003;77:4528\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.77.8.4528-4538.2003.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5679_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6258","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00189-12","volume":"86","author":"\u00c1 B\u00e1lint","year":"2012","unstructured":"B\u00e1lint \u00c1, Farsang A, Z\u00e1dori Z, Horny\u00e1k \u00c1, Dencso L, Almaz\u00e1n F, et al. Molecular characterization of feline infectious peritonitis virus strain DF-2 and studies of the role of ORF3abc in viral cell tropism. J Virol. 2012;86:6258\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00189-12.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5679_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01422","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01422-18","volume":"9","author":"R Ehmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ehmann R, Kristen-Burmann C, Bank-Wolf B, K\u00f6nig M, Herden C, Hain T, et al. Reverse Genetics for Type I Feline Coronavirus Field Isolate To Study the Molecular Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis. mBio. 2018;9:e01422\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.01422-18.","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"5679_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1141101","volume":"14","author":"H Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao H, Gu H, Kang H, Jia H. Development of a rapid reverse genetics system for feline coronavirus based on TAR cloning in yeast. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1141101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1141101.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5679_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269224","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02692-24","volume":"13","author":"I Kida","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kida I, Tamura T, Kuroda Y, Fukuhara T, Maeda K, Matsuno K. Application of versatile reverse genetics system for feline coronavirus. Microbiol Spectr. 2025;13:e0269224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.02692-24.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"5679_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.8.3863-3871.2004","volume":"78","author":"BJ Haijema","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haijema BJ, Volders H, Rottier PJM. Live, attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis. J Virol. 2004;78:3863\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.78.8.3863-3871.2004.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"5679_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103840","volume":"103","author":"Q Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao Q, Li S, Sun W, Yan H, Wang Y, Chang S, et al. Immunopotentiating effect of lentinan on chicks and its inhibitory effect on Marek\u2019s disease virus infection. Poult Sci. 2024;103:103840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103840.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.11.011","volume":"46","author":"J Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang J, Hu Y, Wang D, Zhang F, Zhao X, Abula S, et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inhibits the infectivity of Newcastle disease virus to chicken embryo fibroblast. Int J Biol Macromol. 2010;46:212\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2009.11.011.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"5679_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242146","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1242146","volume":"10","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi H, Luo W, Wang S, Dai J, Chen C, Li S, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of tylvalosin combined with Poria cocos polysaccharides against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1242146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2023.1242146.","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"5679_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fuaa057","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa057","volume":"45","author":"JK Millet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Millet JK, Jaimes JA, Whittaker GR. Molecular diversity of coronavirus host cell entry receptors. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2021;45:fuaa057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuaa057.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"5679_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2071175","volume":"11","author":"N Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhang B, Deng L, Liang B, Ping J. Virus-host interaction networks as new antiviral drug targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11:1371\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2022.2071175.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"5679_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050928","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Li S, Song K, Ye J, Li W, Zhong Y, et al. A Broad Antiviral Strategy: Inhibitors of Human DHODH Pave the Way for Host-Targeting Antivirals against Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses. Viruses. 2022;14:928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14050928.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"5679_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2016.08.002","volume":"96","author":"G Tekes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tekes G, Thiel H-J. Feline Coronaviruses: Pathogenesis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Adv Virus Res. 2016;96:193\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.aivir.2016.08.002.","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"5679_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82991-0","volume":"88","author":"E Van Hamme","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Hamme E, Dewerchin HL, Cornelissen E, Nauwynck HJ. Attachment and internalization of feline infectious peritonitis virus in feline blood monocytes and Crandell feline kidney cells. J Gen Virol. 2007;88:2527\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/vir.0.82991-0.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"5679_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anaka Y, Tanabe E, Nonaka Y, Uemura M, Tajima T, Ochiai K. Lonophore Antibiotics Inhibit Type II Feline Coronavirus Proliferation In Vitro. Viruses. 2022;14(8):1734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v14081734.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14081734"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:16:48Z","timestamp":1791245808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5679"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05679-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9296715\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"577"}}