{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:41:06Z","timestamp":1792788066832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32473004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:27:52Z","timestamp":1782995272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and immunological evaluation of a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying chicken infectious anemia virus VP1-VP2 proteins"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Mei Chen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanhua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"5694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/03079458508436251","volume":"14","author":"M Goryo","year":"1985","unstructured":"Goryo M, Sugimura H, Matsumoto S, Umemura T, Itakura C. Isolation of an agent inducing chicken anaemia. Avian Pathol. 1985;14(4):483\u201396.","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5694_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2307\/1591148","volume":"33","author":"JK Rosenberger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rosenberger JK, Cloud SS. The isolation and characterization of chicken anemia agent (CAA) from broilers in the United States. Avian Dis. 1989;33(4):707\u201313.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/03079458808436425","volume":"17","author":"BE Engstrom","year":"1988","unstructured":"Engstrom BE. Blue wing disease of chickens: isolation of avian reovirus and chicken anaemia agent. Avian Pathol. 1988;17(1):23\u201332.","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5694_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1637\/7271-090304R","volume":"48","author":"MM Miller","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller MM, Schat KA. Chicken infectious anemia virus: an example of the ultimate host-parasite relationship. Avian Dis. 2004;48(4):734\u201345.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"T Taniguchi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Taniguchi T, Yuasa N, Maeda M, Horiuchi T. Chronological observations on hemato-pathological changes in chicks inoculated with chicken anemia agent. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo). 1983;23(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"5694_CR6","first-page":"123","volume":"2","author":"SH Jeurissen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jeurissen SH, Janse ME, Van Roozelaar DJ, Koch G, De Boer GF. Susceptibility of thymocytes for infection by chicken anemia virus is related to pre- and posthatching development. Dev Immunol. 1992;2(2):123\u20139.","journal-title":"Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5694_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey555","volume":"98","author":"Q Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su Q, Wang T, Meng F, Cui Z, Chang S, Zhao P. Synergetic pathogenicity of Newcastle disease vaccines LaSota strain and contaminated chicken infectious anemia virus. Poult Sci. 2019;98(5):1985\u201392.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"5694_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01863","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cui N, Han N, Wu J, Cui Z, Su S. Depression of Vaccinal Immunity to Marek\u2019s Disease by Infection with Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:1863.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5694_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103835","volume":"103","author":"L Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Chang S, Zhao P. Synergistic pathogenicity of vertically transmitted chicken infectious anemia virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup J coinfection in chickens. Poult Sci. 2024;103(7):103835.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1637\/8408-071408-Reg.1","volume":"53","author":"H Toro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toro H, van Santen VL, Hoerr FJ, Breedlove C. Effects of chicken anemia virus and infectious bursal disease virus in commercial chickens. Avian Dis. 2009;53(1):94\u2013102.","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"5694_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey153","volume":"98","author":"Q Su","year":"2019","unstructured":"Su Q, Meng F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Cui Z, et al. Chicken infectious anemia virus helps fowl adenovirus break the protection of maternal antibody and cause inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in layers after using co-contaminated Newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine. Poult Sci. 2019;98(2):621\u20138.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5694_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.6.3131-3139.1991","volume":"65","author":"MH Noteborn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Noteborn MH, de Boer GF, van Roozelaar DJ, Karreman C, Kranenburg O, Vos JG, et al. Characterization of cloned chicken anemia virus DNA that contains all elements for the infectious replication cycle. J Virol. 1991;65(6):3131\u20139.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"5694_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-12-3073","volume":"79","author":"MH Noteborn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Noteborn MH, Verschueren CA, Koch G, Van der Eb AJ. Simultaneous expression of recombinant baculovirus-encoded chicken anaemia virus (CAV) proteins VP1 and VP2 is required for formation of the CAV-specific neutralizing epitope. J Gen Virol. 1998;79(Pt 12):3073\u20137.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5694_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(94)00034-K","volume":"13","author":"G Koch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Koch G, van Roozelaar DJ, Verschueren CA, van der Eb AJ, Noteborn MH. Immunogenic and protective properties of chicken anaemia virus proteins expressed by baculovirus. Vaccine. 1995;13(8):763\u201370.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"5694_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2003.10.003","volume":"98","author":"MH Noteborn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Noteborn MH. Chicken anemia virus induced apoptosis: underlying molecular mechanisms. Vet Microbiol. 2004;98(2):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5694_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)90097-3","volume":"39","author":"J Pallister","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pallister J, Fahey KJ, Sheppard M. Cloning and sequencing of the chicken anaemia virus (CAV) ORF-3 gene, and the development of an ELISA for the detection of serum antibody to CAV. Vet Microbiol. 1994;39(1\u20132):167\u201378.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2012.13.1.73","volume":"13","author":"YY Lien","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lien YY, Huang CH, Sun FC, Sheu SC, Lu TC, Lee MS, et al. Development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein VP1 of the chicken anemia virus. J Vet Sci. 2012;13(1):73\u20139.","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"5694_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu L, Yin M, Li Y, Su H, Fang L, Sun X et al. DNA Prime and Recombinant Protein Boost Vaccination Confers Chickens with Enhanced Protection against Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus. Viruses. 2022;14(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102115"},{"key":"5694_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li C, Cao Y, Ma Q, Yang J, Zhang X, Li H et al. EBV gL-gH344-Ferritin Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits Robust Immune Responses in Mice. Viruses. 2025;17(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/v17060754"},{"issue":"632","key":"5694_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabi5735","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abi5735","volume":"14","author":"MG Joyce","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joyce MG, King HAD, Elakhal-Naouar I, Ahmed A, Peachman KK, Macedo Cincotta C, et al. A SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits protective immune responses in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14(632):eabi5735.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-021-00330-7","volume":"6","author":"B Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen B, Tolia NH. Protein-based antigen presentation platforms for nanoparticle vaccines. NPJ Vaccines. 2021;6(1):70.","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"issue":"4","key":"5694_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4944","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4944","volume":"33","author":"XS Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang XS, Yang LT, Yang K, Zhou H, Abudureheman T, Zheng WW, et al. Construction of a versatile fusion protein for targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Protein Sci. 2024;33(4):e4944.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02210-9","volume":"21","author":"J Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song J, Wang M, Zhou L, Tian P, Sun Z, Sun J, et al. A candidate nanoparticle vaccine comprised of multiple epitopes of the African swine fever virus elicits a robust immune response. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21(1):424.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"52","key":"5694_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909653116","volume":"116","author":"AH Keeble","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keeble AH, Turkki P, Stokes S, Khairil Anuar INA, Rahikainen R, Hytonen VP, et al. Approaching infinite affinity through engineering of peptide-protein interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116(52):26523\u201333.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"5694_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459108418756","volume":"20","author":"MS McNulty","year":"1991","unstructured":"McNulty MS. Chicken anaemia agent: a review. Avian Pathol. 1991;20(2):187\u2013203.","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"5694_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song Y, Yuan Z, Ji J, Ruan Y, Li X, Wang L et al. Development of a Ferritin-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever. Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(8).","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12080948"},{"key":"5694_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong D, Lu Z, Xia Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Li M et al. Ferritin Nanoparticle Delivery of the E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus Completely Protects Pigs from Lethal Challenge. Vaccines (Basel). 2024;12(6).","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12060629"},{"key":"5694_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu Z, Zhong D, Song X, Lan J, Wang Y, Luo R et al. A Pool of Ferritin Nanoparticles Delivering Six Proteins of African Swine Fever Virus Induces Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel). 2026;14(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14010093"},{"issue":"2","key":"5694_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459408418997","volume":"23","author":"C Buscaglia","year":"1994","unstructured":"Buscaglia C, Crosetti CF, Nervi P. Identification of chicken infectious anaemia, isolation of the virus and reproduction of the disease in Argentina. Avian Pathol. 1994;23(2):297\u2013304.","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"key":"5694_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333596","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1333596","volume":"14","author":"H Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song H, Kim H, Kwon Y, Kim H. Genetic characterization of chicken infectious anaemia viruses isolated in Korea and their pathogenicity in chicks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024;14:1333596.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"5694_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chellappa MM, Dey S, Pathak DC, Singh A, Ramamurthy N, Ramakrishnan S et al. Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored Chicken Infectious Anaemia Vaccine Induces Robust Immune Response in Chickens. Viruses. 2021;13(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/v13101985"},{"key":"5694_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2021.104112","volume":"122","author":"M Ingberman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ingberman M, Caron LF, Rigo F, Araujo LC, de Almeida MAP, Dal Berto L, et al. Relevance of antibodies against the Chicken Anaemia Virus. Dev Comp Immunol. 2021;122:104112.","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"5694_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515415","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1515415","volume":"15","author":"C Ge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ge C, Lu H, Han J, Sun G, Li S, Lan X, et al. Recombinant Marek\u2019s disease virus expressing VP1 and VP2 proteins provides robust immune protection against chicken infectious anemia virus. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1515415.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"5694_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.002","volume":"167","author":"SY Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen SY, Chang WC, Yi HH, Tsai SS, Liu HJ, Liao PC, et al. Development of a subunit vaccine containing recombinant chicken anemia virus VP1 and pigeon IFN-gamma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2015;167(3\u20134):200\u20134.","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5694_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-3050-0","volume":"90","author":"H Moeini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moeini H, Rahim RA, Omar AR, Shafee N, Yusoff K. Lactobacillus acidophilus as a live vehicle for oral immunization against chicken anemia virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011;90(1):77\u201388.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5694_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey475","volume":"98","author":"L Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang L, Zhen Y, Su Q, Zhu H, Guo X, Zhao P. Efficacy of CpG-ODN and Freund\u2019s immune adjuvants on antibody responses induced by chicken infectious anemia virus VP1, VP2, and VP3 subunit proteins. Poult Sci. 2019;98(3):1121\u20136.","journal-title":"Poult Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:28:53Z","timestamp":1790555333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05694-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were approved by the Experimental Animal Administration and Ethics Committee of the South China Agricultural University (protocol No. SCAUADL2020-009). All experiments were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"562"}}