{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:59:41Z","timestamp":1790193581753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046ak2485","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Starting a career in veterinary medicine represents a major life transition, accompanied by substantial professional and personal challenges. The study aimed to assess\n                      <jats:italic>job satisfaction<\/jats:italic>\n                      , psychosocial demands, and working conditions of veterinarians during their first year in their profession, and to identify the factors associated with\n                      <jats:italic>commitment<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>job satisfaction<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Early-career veterinarians in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were surveyed using an online questionnaire that included the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire III. Multifactorial regression models were calculated to reveal the associations of (a) demographics and working conditions and (b) psychosocial demands with commitment and job satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses from 196 participants were included in the analysis. The majority of participants (n=118; 76%) were engaged in clinical practice, predominantly in the small animal sector. Half of the respondents already participated in emergency services, and another 17% planned to do so in the near future. Most respondents reported overtime work. Compared with the German COPSOQ standard sample, early-career veterinarians reported lower levels of role conflicts and higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment to the workplace, and sense of community at work. At the same time, dissolution (work-life boundary blurring) was higher than in the German standard sample. Job satisfaction and commitment were primarily associated with the availability of a supervising veterinarian, perceived quality of leadership, support at work, and feedback. Interestingly, neither quantitative demands (amount of work related to time) nor emotional demands (emotionally distressing work situations) were significantly associated with commitment to the workplace or job satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that early-career veterinarians are highly motivated and satisfied with their work but strongly benefit from adequate supervision, feedback, and organizational support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:53:47Z","timestamp":1789998827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Part I of \u201cNavigating the transition\u201d: early-career working conditions, psychosocial demands, and job satisfaction among German, Austrian, and Swiss veterinarians \u2013 a first-year survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1743-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelie","family":"Wetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus G.","family":"Doherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina Charlotte","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5923_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6ckelmann I, Pohl R, Thielmann B. Burnout bei Tier\u00e4rzten im Altersvergleich. Zentralblatt f\u00fcr Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie. 2024:1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40664-024-00530-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-022-00220-x","volume":"75","author":"R Pohl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pohl R, Botscharow J, B\u00f6ckelmann I, Thielmann B. Stress and strain among veterinarians: a scoping review. Ir Veterinary J. 2022;75(1):15.","journal-title":"Ir Veterinary J"},{"issue":"8","key":"5923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.247.8.945","volume":"247","author":"RJ Nett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nett RJ, Witte TK, Holzbauer SM, Elchos BL, Campagnolo ER, Musgrave KJ, et al. Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015;247(8):945\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"15","key":"5923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105430","volume":"186","author":"KA Schwerdtfeger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwerdtfeger KA, Bahramsoltani M, Spangenberg L, Hallensleben N, Glaesmer H. Depression, suicidal ideation and suicide risk in German veterinarians compared with the general German population. Vet Rec. 2020;186(15):e2\u2013e.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64359-z","volume":"14","author":"V Neubauer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neubauer V, Dale R, Probst T, Pieh C, Janowitz K, Br\u00fchl D, et al. Prevalence of mental health symptoms in Austrian veterinarians and examination of influencing factors. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):13274.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5923_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Carney P, Hellyer P, Rishniw M. On-Call Duties: The Perceived Impact on Veterinarians\u2019 Job Satisfaction, Well-Being and Personal Relationships. Front Veterinary Sci. 2021;8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.740852"},{"key":"5923_CR7","unstructured":"Jensen K, Schulte-Bahrenberg S, Blaschka C, Brandebusemeyer E, Ewert M, Menzel A et al. Befragung angestellter Tier\u00e4rztinnen in Deutschland\u2013Teil 1: Arbeitsbedingungen. Berliner und M\u00fcnchener Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift. 2022;135."},{"key":"5923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steffey M, Griffon D, Risselada M, Buote N, Scharf V, Zamprogno H et al. A narrative review of the physiology and health effects of burnout associated with veterinarian-pertinent occupational stressors. Front Veterinary Sci. 2023;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1184525"},{"issue":"9","key":"5923_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0310819","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310819","volume":"19","author":"KA Schwerdtfeger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schwerdtfeger KA, Glaesmer H, Bahramsoltani M. High overcommitment and low reward as potential predictors for increased depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicide risk in German veterinarians. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(9):e0310819.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5923_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2017.07.019","volume":"22","author":"EL Fink-Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fink-Miller EL, Nestler LM. Suicide in physicians and veterinarians: risk factors and theories. Curr Opin Psychol. 2018;22:23\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00833.x","volume":"89","author":"P Hatch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hatch P, Winefield H, Christie B, Lievaart J. Workplace stress, mental health, and burnout of veterinarians in Australia. Aust Vet J. 2011;89(11):460\u20138.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"5923_CR12","first-page":"0005","volume":"10","author":"JC Kersebohm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kersebohm JC, Doherr MG, Becher AM. Lange Arbeitszeiten, geringes Einkommen und Unzufriedenheit: Gegen\u00fcberstellung der Situation praktizierender Tiermediziner mit vergleichbaren Berufsgruppen der deutschen Bev\u00f6lkerung. Berliner und M\u00fcnchener. Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift. 2017;10:0005\u20139366.","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"6","key":"5923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101762","volume":"174","author":"N Mastenbroek","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mastenbroek N, Jaarsma A, Demerouti E, Muijtjens A, Scherpbier A, Van Beukelen P. Burnout and engagement, and its predictors in young veterinary professionals: the influence of gender. Vet Rec. 2014;174(6):144.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"8","key":"5923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12467.x","volume":"80","author":"T Heath","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heath T. Longitudinal study of veterinarians from entry to the veterinary course to ten years after graduation: career paths. Aust Vet J. 2002;80(8):468\u201373.","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"5923_CR15","unstructured":"Federation of Veterinarians of Europe: FVE Annual Report. 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/fve.org\/publications\/fve-2024-annual-report\/."},{"issue":"10","key":"5923_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"no","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.77","volume":"188","author":"MH Clise","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clise MH, Kirby N, McArthur ML. Is veterinary work more than satisfying? A critical review of the literature. Vet Rec. 2021;188(10):no\u2013no.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"18","key":"5923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105146","volume":"185","author":"JE Wallace","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wallace JE. Meaningful work and well-being: a study of the positive side of veterinary work. Vet Rec. 2019;185(18):571.","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-05086-z","volume":"21","author":"M M\u00e1t\u00e9","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u00e1t\u00e9 M, Schwarz ES, \u00d3zsv\u00e1ri L. Differences in income, workload, and job satisfaction among Hungarian and German veterinarians. BMC Vet Res. 2025;21(1):1\u201319.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"5923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942778","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.942778","volume":"9","author":"CE Ashton-James","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ashton-James CE, McNeilage AG. A mixed methods investigation of stress and wellbeing factors contributing to burnout and job satisfaction in a specialist small animal hospital. Front Veterinary Sci. 2022;9:942778.","journal-title":"Front Veterinary Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000229","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2017-000229","volume":"4","author":"JC Kersebohm","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kersebohm JC, Lorenz T, Becher A, Doherr MG. Factors related to work and life satisfaction of veterinary practitioners in Germany. Veterinary Record Open. 2017;4(1):e000229.","journal-title":"Veterinary Record Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"5923_CR21","first-page":"604","volume":"44","author":"KA Renn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Renn KA, Hodges J. The First Year on the Job: Experiences of New Professionals in Student Affairs. J Student Affairs Res Pract. 2007;44(2):604\u201328.","journal-title":"J Student Affairs Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/1741143218781064","volume":"48","author":"L Thomas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thomas L, Tuytens M, Devos G, Kelchtermans G, Vanderlinde R. Transformational school leadership as a key factor for teachers\u2019 job attitudes during their first year in the profession. Educational Manage Adm Leadersh. 2020;48(1):106\u201332.","journal-title":"Educational Manage Adm Leadersh"},{"issue":"3","key":"5923_CR23","first-page":"118","volume":"77","author":"AM Woods","year":"2004","unstructured":"Woods AM, Weasmer J. Maintaining Job Satisfaction: Engaging Professionals as Active Participants. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies. Issues Ideas. 2004;77(3):118\u201321.","journal-title":"Issues Ideas"},{"key":"5923_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785844","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.785844","volume":"8","author":"AR Reinhard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reinhard AR, Hains KD, Hains BJ, Strand EB. Are they ready? Trials, tribulations, and professional skills vital for new veterinary graduate success. Front veterinary Sci. 2021;8:785844.","journal-title":"Front veterinary Sci"},{"key":"5923_CR25","unstructured":"Allister RJ. Veterinary Transition Study-investigating the transition from veterinary student to practising veterinary surgeon: prospective cohort study. 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6920-11-64","volume":"11","author":"SM Rhind","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rhind SM, Baillie S, Kinnison T, Shaw DJ, Bell CE, Mellanby RJ, et al. The transition into veterinary practice: opinions of recent graduates and final year students. BMC Med Educ. 2011;11(1):64.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"5923_CR27","unstructured":"Ewert MC. Untersuchung der Arbeitsumst\u00e4nde und Zufriedenheit nicht-kurativ t\u00e4tiger Tiermediziner* innen in Deutschland (2018) 2021."},{"key":"5923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-021-00331-1","volume":"16","author":"H-J Lincke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lincke H-J, Vomstein M, Lindner A, Nolle I, H\u00e4berle N, Haug A, et al. COPSOQ III in Germany: validation of a standard instrument to measure psychosocial factors at work. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2021;16:1\u201315.","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1027\/\/1015-5759.19.1.12","volume":"19","author":"E Demerouti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Vardakou I, Kantas A. The convergent validity of two burnout instruments: A multitrait-multimethod analysis. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2003;19(1):12.","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"7","key":"5923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000814","volume":"32","author":"AN Tibubos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tibubos AN, Kr\u00f6ger H. A cross-cultural comparison of the ultrabrief mental health screeners PHQ-4 and SF-12 in Germany. Psychol Assess. 2020;32(7):690.","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"5923_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11612-025-00789-1","volume":"56","author":"T Lorenz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lorenz T. Assessing psychological capital: Construction and validation of the psychological capital inventory (PSI-16) using automated item selection. Gruppe Interaktion Organisation Z f\u00fcr Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO). 2025;56(2):203\u201315.","journal-title":"Gruppe Interaktion Organisation Z f\u00fcr Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO)"},{"key":"5923_CR32","unstructured":"Network CI, COPSOQ III. Guidelines and questionnaire - Guidelines for the use of COPSOQ III; 2018 [Available from: https:\/\/www.copsoq-network.org\/assets\/Uploads\/COPSOQ-network-guidelines-for-the-use-of-COPSOQ-III-290618sig.pdf]."},{"key":"5923_CR33","unstructured":"(FFAW) FFfA. COPSOQ-3b Englisch. 2026 [Available from: https:\/\/www.copsoq.de\/assets\/pdf\/COPSOQ-3b_ENGLISH_German-version-yellow-draft-260226-v2.pdf]."},{"key":"5923_CR34","unstructured":"Bundestier\u00e4rztekammer. J. 2024; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https:\/\/www.bundestieraerztekammer.de\/btk\/statistik\/downloads\/2024.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwir5LSImIaTAxXC8bsIHViwHuYQFnoECCEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3GQPzWYQN4Kxjpixj-_lLb]."},{"key":"5923_CR35","unstructured":"Henning J, Held J, Keimer H, Tier\u00e4rzte. Atlas Deutschland 2024; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/www.tieraerzteatlas.de\/pdf2024\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"5923_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme.0315-030R","volume":"43","author":"KD Royal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Royal KD, Hecker KG. Understanding Reliability: A Review for Veterinary Educators. J Vet Med Educ. 2016;43(1):1\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"5923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652931","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1652931","volume":"12","author":"ME Riemann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Riemann ME, Hoedemaker M, Jensen KC. Future plans of veterinary graduates in Germany in 2023: an online survey. Front Veterinary Sci. 2025;12:1652931.","journal-title":"Front Veterinary Sci"},{"key":"5923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher KN, Bergman ME, Austin JW, Marks SL, Fingland RB, Dallap-Schaer B, Sanchez C, Chun R, Davis EG, Kim G, La Porte YY. Survey indicates addressing workplace environment, work-life balance, and flexibility are key to attracting and retaining veterinarians in academia. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 2024 Sep 1;85(9).","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.03.0082"},{"key":"5923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14131975","volume":"14","author":"KC Jensen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jensen KC, Merle R. Survey on Psychosocial Conditions of Official Veterinarians in Germany: Comparison with Other Professions and Differences between Age Groups, Gender, and Workplace Characteristics. Animals: Open Access J MDPI. 2024;14:13.","journal-title":"Animals: Open Access J MDPI"},{"issue":"4","key":"5923_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014975","volume":"94","author":"WR Boswell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boswell WR, Shipp AJ, Payne SC, Culbertson SS. Changes in newcomer job satisfaction over time: examining the pattern of honeymoons and hangovers. J Appl Psychol. 2009;94(4):844.","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2018.1564278","volume":"28","author":"D Valero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Valero D, Hirschi A. To hangover or not: Trajectories of job satisfaction in adolescent workforce newcomers. Eur J Work Organizational Psychol. 2019;28(2):150\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Work Organizational Psychol"},{"key":"5923_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elte Y, Acton K, Martin J, Nielen M, Van Weeren R, Wolframm I. Engage and enjoy\u2013investigating predictors of employee engagement and work satisfaction in equine veterinary professionals. Front Veterinary Sci. 2023;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1036388"},{"key":"5923_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"135","author":"CB Katharina Charlotte Jensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katharina Charlotte Jensen CB, Elisabeth Brandebusemeyer A, H\u00fclsebusch J, Munzel J, Niggemann L, Steingr\u00e4ber D, Remien C, Wunderlich. Sabine Schulte-Bahrenberg Befragung angestellter Tier\u00e4rztinnen in Deutschland \u2013 Teil 2: Arbeitszufriedenheit. Berliner und M\u00fcnchener. Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift. 2022;135:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Wochenschrift"},{"issue":"5","key":"5923_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0322938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0322938","volume":"20","author":"C D\u00fcrnberger","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u00fcrnberger C, Springer S. I\u2019m not just a vet, I\u2019m also a human.\u2019A qualitative interview study on boundary management between work and private life among small animal veterinarians. PLoS ONE. 2025;20(5):e0322938.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"5923_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3138\/jvme-2021-0036","volume":"49","author":"D Freeman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freeman D, Hodgson K, Darling M. Mentoring new veterinary graduates for transition to practice and lifelong learning. J Vet Med Educ. 2022;49(4):409\u201313.","journal-title":"J Vet Med Educ"},{"key":"5923_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonneveld D, Goverts Y, Duijn CC, Camps G, Bougie R, Mastenbroek NJ. Dutch veterinary graduates leaving practice: A mixed\u2010methods analysis of frequency and underlying reasons. Vet Rec. 2023;192(4).","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2178"},{"key":"5923_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen W, Lockett L, Colville T, Uldahl M, De Briyne N. Veterinarian\u2014Chasing A Dream Job? A Comparative Survey on Wellbeing and Stress Levels among European Veterinarians between 2018 and 2023. Veterinary Sciences. 2024;11.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11010048"},{"key":"5923_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrillo-Garc\u00eda C, Solano-Ru\u00edz MdC, Mart\u00ednez-Roche ME, G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda CI. Job satisfaction among health care workers: the role of gender and age. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem. 2013;21:1314-20.","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.3224.2369"},{"key":"5923_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvajal MJ, Popovici I. Gender, age, and pharmacists\u2019 job satisfaction. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2018;16(4):1396.\u00a0","DOI":"10.18549\/PharmPract.2018.04.1396"}],"container-title":["BMC Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:02:40Z","timestamp":1790190160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-026-05923-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-6148"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-6148","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Central Ethics Committee of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin (reference number: ZEA24030). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were informed about the study prior to participation and provided electronic informed consent to participate as well as consent for data processing. Each human participant must have given their consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"553"}}