{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:34:43Z","timestamp":1787020483153,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Genomics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrent patellar dislocation is the result of anatomical alignment and imbalance of restraint of bone and soft tissue. We investigate the anatomical characteristics of the knee joint in a family of patients with recurrent patella dislocation, and to screen the possible pathogenic genes in this family by whole exome sequencing in 4 patients and 4 healthy subjects, so as to provide theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data related to patella dislocation were measured by imaging data. The peripheral blood DNA of related family members was extracted for the whole exome sequencing, and then the sequencing results were compared with the human database. By filtering out synonymous variants and high-frequency variants in population databases, and then integrating single nucleotide non-synonymous variants of family members, disease-causing genes were found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients in this family have different degrees of abnormal knee anatomy, which is closely related to patella dislocation. The sequencing results of patients and normal persons in this patella dislocation family were compared and analyzed, and the data were filtered through multiple biological databases. Find HOXB9 (NM_024017.4:c.404A&gt;G:p.Glu135Gly),COL1A1(NM_000088.3:c.3766G&gt;A:p.Ala1256Thr),GNPAT(NM_014236.3:c1556A&gt;G:p.Asp519Gly),NANS(NM_018946.3:c.204G&gt;C:p.Glu68Asp),SLC26A2(NM_000112.3:c.2065A&gt;T:p.Thr689Ser) are nonsynonymous variants (MISSENSE). Through Sanger sequencing, the identified mutations in HOXB9 and SLC26A2 genes were only present in samples from patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients with recurrent patellar dislocation had markedly abnormal knee anatomy in this family. HOXB9 gene and SLC26A2 gene were found to be the possible pathogenic genes or related genes for patella dislocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-022-01330-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]],"date-time":"2022-08-07T11:02:23Z","timestamp":1659870143000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Anatomical characteristics and potential gene mutation sites of a familial recurrent patellar dislocation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qi-hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-xuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-ming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1330_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519888467","volume":"48","author":"LS Huntington","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huntington LS, Webster KE, Devitt BM, et al. 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Signed informed consent was obtained from all study subjects. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the adult participants and written informed consent of deceased participant was obtained from the patient\u2019s next to kin.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission, and they have no conficts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"176"}}