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The iron metabolism-related genes with prognostic value was screened by Lasso and Cox regression, and validated their expression in knee cartilage samples from normal and osteoarthritis patients by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We obtained 494 differential genes that meet the criteria and 147 genes related to iron metabolism diseases. Many entries have been found, which Wnt signaling pathway and cholesterol metabolism may play key roles in the degradation of cartilage. The immunohistochemical staining on normal and osteoarthritis cartilage showed that iron metabolism-related genes genes were significantly higher expressed in osteoarthritis cartilage than in normal cartilage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The iron metabolism imbalance and immune cell subtype infiltration may be associated with the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis. These results provide a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis, and also offer new ideas for developing more effective treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-025-02206-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:25:58Z","timestamp":1761121558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Immunomodulation and iron dysregulation: exploring their roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengpeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2206_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34453","volume":"64","author":"RF Loeser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. 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This ensures that participants fully understand the purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits of this study, and voluntarily participate. This process follows the regulations of the Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedics Hospital (Pingshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine) Ethics Committee, aiming to protect the rights and well-being of participants.On this basis, this study collected samples of the medial and lateral condyles from patients with medial osteoarthritis who underwent total knee replacement surgery. Among them, the medial condyle was designated as the experimental group, while the lateral condyle was used as a paired control group. We have clearly excluded all patients with non degenerative medial osteoarthritis, such as those diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic osteoarthritis, and those with lateral compartment osteoarthritis. This research design aims to ensure the validity and comparability of data while meeting all requirements of ethical review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"167"}}