{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:53:20Z","timestamp":1791251600131,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Genomics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most evidence on chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) in prenatal diagnosis comes from high-volume centres. We evaluated the incremental diagnostic contribution of additional testing modalities, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) confirmation rates and pregnancy outcomes at a regional centre in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Retrospective cohort of 120 consecutive amniocenteses (March 2022\u2013June 2025). The pathway was retrospectively observed, not uniformly implemented: the intended first-tier panel (quantitative fluorescent PCR, G-banded chromosome analysis, CMA) was completed in 94 pregnancies (78.3%), CMA in 101 (84.2%); ES (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913) and targeted testing (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925) were selective. Findings were classified before analysis as fetal disease-causing or incidental\/non-diagnostic. Cumulative yields use the whole cohort as denominator.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal findings occurred in 36 of 120 pregnancies (30.0%): 27 (22.5%) disease-causing and 9 (7.5%) incidental\/non-diagnostic \u2014 3 heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in autosomal recessive genes (2.5%) and 6 variants of uncertain significance (VUS; 5.0%). Disease-causing yield rose from 16.7% to 22.5%: seven of the 27 diagnoses were first identified by CMA, ES or targeted testing, a cohort-specific contribution, not a diagnostic yield, as these modalities were not applied uniformly. Abnormal ultrasonography was associated with an abnormal genetic finding (31\/83 vs. 5\/37; unadjusted OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.35\u201310.82); not significant for disease-causing findings alone. Within this referral stream, confirmation of 14 high-risk NIPT referrals was 6\/6 for trisomies 21 and 18, 0\/4 for sex chromosome and rare autosomal aneuploidies and 1\/4 for copy-number variants; these should not be read as population-level positive predictive values. Outcome, sought only after an abnormal finding, was documented in 30 of 36; 22 were terminated (trisomy 18, 4\/4; isolated VUS, 1\/6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CMA, ES and targeted testing added diagnoses in a non-uniformly applied pathway (complete first-tier panel in 78.3%). The findings reinforce the importance of diagnostic confirmation of high-risk NIPT results before irreversible clinical decisions, particularly for less common targets, which were frequently not confirmed in this referral series. Termination frequencies varied across diagnostic categories; these descriptive differences should be considered in the context of the underlying fetal phenotype, diagnostic certainty, and parental preferences when counselling is provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-026-02491-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:22:48Z","timestamp":1790644968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multimodal genomic testing in prenatal diagnosis: incremental diagnostic contribution of chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing, real-world NIPT confirmation rates and pregnancy outcomes in 120 consecutive amniocenteses from northeastern T\u00fcrkiye \u2014 a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5068-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c7a\u011fr\u0131","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4312-4199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Timur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2491_CR1","first-page":"CD003252","volume":"9","author":"Z Alfirevic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfirevic Z, Navaratnam K, Mujezinovic F. 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The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the Ordu University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ordu University, Ordu, T\u00fcrkiye) owing to the retrospective design and the complete anonymisation of patient data. The application, submitted on 10 July 2025, specified the retrospective review of the records of patients managed between January 2022 and June 2025, a period that contains every procedure analysed here; no pregnancy outside it was included. Review of those records began after the committee\u2019s decision of 18 July 2025, and no record was examined for research purposes beforehand; the study period therefore ends before the date of approval. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. The manuscript contains no individually identifiable data, images or videos.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"153"}}