{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:10:47Z","timestamp":1793747447884,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (TW)","award":["104-2314-B-038-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["104-2314-B-038-032"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (TW)","award":["105-2314-B-038-019-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105-2314-B-038-019-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Biomed Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-016-0309-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T19:59:08Z","timestamp":1483991948000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["PPARs modulate cardiac metabolism and mitochondrial function in diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ting-Wei","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Jen","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-I","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tze-Fan","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.10.029","volume":"94","author":"DR Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF diabetes atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;94:311\u201321.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"309_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2014.06.012","volume":"34","author":"EK Calton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calton EK, James AP, Pannu PK, Soares MJ. Certain dietary patterns are beneficial for the metabolic syndrome: reviewing the evidence. Nutr Res. 2014;34:559\u201368.","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"309_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3132\/dvdr.2008.016","volume":"5","author":"K Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen K, Lindsey JB, Khera A, Lemos JAD, Ayers CR, Goyal A, et al. Independent associations between metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis: observations from the Dallas Heart Study. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2008;5:96\u2013101.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"309_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164109338774","volume":"6","author":"AW Roberts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts AW, Clark AL, Witte KK. Review article: left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure in metabolic syndrome and diabetes without overt coronary artery disease \u2014 do we need to screen our patients? Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2009;6:153\u201363.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"309_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3283331169","volume":"28","author":"G de Simone","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Simone G, Devereux RB, Chinali M, Lee ET, Galloway JM, Barac A, et al. Diabetes and incident heart failure in hypertensive and normotensive participants of the Strong Heart Study. J Hypertens. 2010;28:353\u201360.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"309_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2011.11.007","volume":"105","author":"L Ernande","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ernande L, Derumeaux G. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: myth or reality? Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;105:218\u201325.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"309_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2015.02.005","volume":"35","author":"TW Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee TW, Lee TI, Chang CJ, Lien GS, Kao YH, Chao TF, et al. Potential of vitamin D in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Nutr Res. 2015;35:269\u201379.","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"309_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-1738(00)00077-3","volume":"10","author":"PM Barger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barger PM, Kelly DP. PPAR signaling in the control of cardiac energy metabolism. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2000;10:238\u201345.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"309_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s11373-005-9024-z","volume":"12","author":"GM Puddu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Puddu GM, Cravero E, Arnone G, Muscari A, Puddu P. Molecular aspects of atherogenesis: new insights and unsolved questions. J Biomed Sci. 2005;12:839\u201353.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"309_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2010.02318.x","volume":"40","author":"TI Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Pan NH, Chen YJ. Oxidative stress and inflammation modulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors with regional discrepancy in diabetic heart. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010;40:692\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"309_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20100529","volume":"121","author":"TI Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Pan NH, Lin YK, Chen YJ. Cardiac peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor expression in hypertension co-existing with diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond). 2011;121:305\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"309_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.01.008","volume":"100","author":"TI Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Huang JH, Hsiao FC, Chen YJ. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors modulate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2013;100:330\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"309_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.021","volume":"176","author":"TI Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Tsai WC, Chung CC, Chen YJ. Cardiac metabolism, inflammation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors modulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in diabetic rats. Int J Cardiol. 2014;176:151\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Tsai WC, Chung CC, Chen YC, Chen YJ. HDAC inhibition modulates cardiac PPARs and fatty acid metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. PPAR Res. 2016;2016:Article ID:\u00a05938740.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5938740"},{"key":"309_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2004.10.010","volume":"38","author":"LK Russell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Russell LK, Finck BN, Kelly DP. Mouse models of mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2005;38:81\u201391.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra063052","volume":"356","author":"S Neubauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neubauer S. The failing heart \u2014 an engine Out of fuel. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1140\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"309_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.702795","volume":"116","author":"H Ashrafian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ashrafian H, Frenneaux MP, Opie LH. Metabolic mechanisms in heart failure. Circulation. 2007;116:434\u201348.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"309_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00241-8","volume":"49","author":"J Marin-Garcia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marin-Garcia J, Goldenthal MJ, Moe GW. Mitochondrial pathology in cardiac failure. Cardiovasc Res. 2001;49:17\u201326.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"309_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1489","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00278.2006","volume":"291","author":"D An","year":"2006","unstructured":"An D, Rodrigues B. Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;291:H1489\u2013506.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"309_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070166","volume":"114","author":"H Bugger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bugger H, Abel ED. Molecular mechanisms for myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008;114:195\u2013210.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"309_CR21","first-page":"1351","volume":"2011","author":"JG Duncan","year":"1813","unstructured":"Duncan JG. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1813;2011:1351\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"309_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214080","volume":"109","author":"BN Finck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Finck BN, Lehman JJ, Leone TC, Welch MJ, Bennett MJ, Kovacs A, et al. The cardiac phenotype induced by PPARalpha overexpression mimics that caused by diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 2002;109:121\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"309_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-1187","volume":"78","author":"Y Teshima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Teshima Y, Takahashi N, Nishio S, Saito S, Kondo H, Fukui A, et al. Production of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic heart. Roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Circ J. 2014;78:300\u20136.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"309_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24154","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.39.24154","volume":"272","author":"TI Gudz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gudz TI, Tserng KY, Hoppel CL. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramide. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:24154\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"309_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6294","volume":"22","author":"JD Schilling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schilling JD. The mitochondria in diabetic heart failure: from pathogenesis to therapeutic promise. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015;22:1515\u201326.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"309_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0063","volume":"61","author":"S Boudina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boudina S, Han YH, Pei S, Tidwell TJ, Henrie B, Tuinei J, et al. UCP3 regulates cardiac efficiency and mitochondrial coupling in high Fat\u2013Fed mice but Not in leptin-deficient mice. Diabetes. 2012;61:3260\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"309_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00046.2007","volume":"23","author":"G Szabadkai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Szabadkai G, Duchen MR. Mitochondria: the Hub of cellular Ca2+ signaling. Physiology (Bethesda). 2008;23:84\u201394.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"key":"309_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.034140","volume":"547","author":"AB Parekh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parekh AB. Store-operated Ca (2+) entry: dynamic interplay between endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and plasma membrane. J Physiol. 2003;547:333\u201348.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"309_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-16-112","volume":"16","author":"P Puddu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Puddu P, Puddu GM, Cravero E, De Pascalis S, Muscari A. The emerging role of cardiovascular risk factor-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in atherogenesis. J Biomed Sci. 2009;16:112.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"309_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H633","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00668.2009","volume":"298","author":"CL Williamson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williamson CL, Dabkowski ER, Baseler WA, Croston TL, Alway SE, Hollander JM. Enhanced apoptotic propensity in diabetic cardiac mitochondria: influence of subcellular spatial location. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;298:H633\u2013H42.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"309_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H529","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00267.2010","volume":"299","author":"ER Dabkowski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dabkowski ER, Baseler WA, Williamson CL, Powell M, Razunguzwa TT, Frisbee JC, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the type 2 diabetic heart is associated with alterations in spatially distinct mitochondrial proteomes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;299:H529\u2013H40.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"309_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9623-1","volume":"41","author":"X Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang X, Chen C. A new insight of mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Endocrine. 2012;41:398\u2013409.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"309_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112450885","volume":"32","author":"B Goyal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goyal B, Mehta A. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiological mechanisms and cardiac dysfuntion. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013;32:571\u201390.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"309_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-11-73","volume":"11","author":"CJ Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li CJ, Lv L, Li H, Yu DM. Cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy are ameliorated by alpha-lipoic acid. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012;11:73.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"309_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00625-9","volume":"42","author":"M Diamant","year":"2003","unstructured":"Diamant M, Lamb HJ, Groeneveld Y, Endert EL, Smit JW, Bax JJ, et al. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with altered myocardial metabolism in asymptomatic normotensive patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:328\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.07.031","volume":"54","author":"EJ Anderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson EJ, Kypson AP, Rodriguez E, Anderson CA, Lehr EJ, Neufer PD. Substrate-specific derangements in mitochondrial metabolism and redox balance in the atrium of the type 2 diabetic human heart. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:1891\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008476","volume":"130","author":"D Montaigne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Montaigne D, Marechal X, Coisne A, Debry N, Modine T, Fayad G, et al. Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in type 2 diabetic but not in obese patients. Circulation. 2014;130:554\u201364.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"309_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/347645a0","volume":"347","author":"I Issemann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Issemann I, Green S. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators. Nature. 1990;347:645\u201350.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"309_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2008.02062.x","volume":"39","author":"TI Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee TI, Kao YH, Chen YC, Chen YJ. Proinflammatory cytokine and ligands modulate cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009;39:23\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"309_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0336724100","volume":"100","author":"BN Finck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Finck BN, Han X, Courtois M, Aimond F, Nerbonne JM, Kovacs A, et al. A critical role for PPAR\u03b1-mediated lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: modulation by dietary fat content. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:1226\u201331.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"309_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000134371.70815.32","volume":"7","author":"BN Finck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Finck BN. The role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway in pathological remodeling of the diabetic heart. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7:391\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"309_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1116","volume":"10","author":"L Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng L, Ding G, Qin Q, Huang Y, Lewis W, He N, et al. Cardiomyocyte-restricted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta deletion perturbs myocardial fatty acid oxidation and leads to cardiomyopathy. Nat Med. 2004;10:1245\u201350.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"309_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000060700.55247.7C","volume":"92","author":"AJ Gilde","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilde AJ, van der Lee KA, Willemsen PH, Chinetti G, van der Leij FR, van der Vusse GJ, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta\/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism. Circ Res. 2003;92:518\u201324.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"309_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2003.11.127","volume":"313","author":"L Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng L, Ding G, Qin Q, Xiao Y, Woods D, Chen YE, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta activates fatty acid oxidation in cultured neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;313:277\u201386.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"309_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000141774.29937.e3","volume":"95","author":"JM Huss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huss JM, Kelly DP. Nuclear receptor signaling and cardiac energetics. Circ Res. 2004;95:568\u201378.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"309_CR46","first-page":"3930","volume":"117","author":"EM Burkart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burkart EM, Sambandam N, Han X, Gross RW, Courtois M, Gierasch CM, et al. Nuclear receptors PPARbeta\/delta and PPARalpha direct distinct metabolic regulatory programs in the mouse heart. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:3930\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"309_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30335","volume":"117","author":"NH Son","year":"2007","unstructured":"Son NH, Park TS, Yamashita H, Yokoyama M, Huggins LA, Okajima K, et al. Cardiomyocyte expression of PPARgamma leads to cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:2791\u2013801.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"309_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2008.03.021","volume":"44","author":"JA Madrazo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Madrazo JA, Kelly DP. The PPAR trio: regulators of myocardial energy metabolism in health and disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2008;44:968\u201375.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR49","first-page":"276","volume":"2015","author":"AV Kuznetsov","year":"1853","unstructured":"Kuznetsov AV, Javadov S, Sickinger S, Frotschnig S, Grimm M. H9c2 and HL-1 cells demonstrate distinct features of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function and sensitivity to hypoxia-reoxygenation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1853;2015:276\u201384.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"309_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.662296","volume":"115","author":"JG Duncan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duncan JG, Fong JL, Medeiros DM, Finck BN, Kelly DP. Insulin-resistant heart exhibits a mitochondrial biogenic response driven by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b1\/PGC-1\u03b1 gene regulatory pathway. Circulation. 2007;115:909\u201317.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"309_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.888735","volume":"121","author":"JG Duncan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duncan JG, Bharadwaj KG, Fong JL, Mitra R, Sambandam N, Courtois MR, et al. Rescue of cardiomyopathy in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha transgenic mice by deletion of lipoprotein lipase identifies sources of cardiac lipids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activators. Circulation. 2010;121:426\u201335.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"309_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22293","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000248200","volume":"275","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Fujii H, Takahashi T, Kodama M, Aizawa Y, Ohta Y, et al. Constitutive regulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha associated with age-dependent cardiac toxicity. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:22293\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"309_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E270","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2001.280.2.E270","volume":"280","author":"A Minnich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Minnich A, Tian N, Byan L, Bilder G. A potent PPAR\u03b1 agonist stimulates mitochondrial fatty acid \u03b2-oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;280:E270\u2013E9.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"309_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1740321","volume":"174","author":"M Furuhashi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Furuhashi M, Ura N, Murakami H, Hyakukoku M, Yamaguchi K, Higashiura K, et al. Fenofibrate improves insulin sensitivity in connection with intramuscular lipid content, muscle fatty acid-binding protein, and beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol. 2002;174:321\u20139.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"309_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000250409.51289.ca","volume":"245","author":"MG Cree","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cree MG, Zwetsloot JJ, Herndon DN, Qian T, Morio B, Fram R, et al. Insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function are improved in children with burn injury during a randomized controlled trial of fenofibrate. Ann Surg. 2007;245:214\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"309_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-015-9979-7","volume":"52","author":"M Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong M, Song KD, Lee HK, Yi S, Lee YS, Heo TH, et al. Fibrates inhibit the apoptosis of Batten disease lymphoblast cells via autophagy recovery and regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2016;52:349\u201355.","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"309_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9932-0","volume":"50","author":"F Mohagheghi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohagheghi F, Ahmadiani A, Rahmani B, Moradi F, Romond N, Khalaj L. Gemfibrozil pretreatment resulted in a sexually dimorphic outcome in the Rat models of global cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion via modulation of mitochondrial Pro-survival and apoptotic cell death factors as well as MAPKs. J Mol Neurosci. 2013;50:379\u201393.","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"309_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25645","volume":"56","author":"AD Patterson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patterson AD, Shah YM, Matsubara T, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ. PPAR\u03b1-dependent induction of uncoupling protein 2 protects against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. Hepatology. 2012;56:281\u201390.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"309_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.068312","volume":"311","author":"B Brunmair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brunmair B, Lest A, Staniek K, Gras F, Scharf N, Roden M, et al. Fenofibrate impairs Rat mitochondrial function by inhibition of respiratory complex I. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004;311:109\u201314.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"309_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/48.1.82","volume":"48","author":"S Zhou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhou S, Wallace KB. The effect of peroxisome proliferators on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Toxicol Sci. 1999;48:82\u20139.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"309_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-009-0100-y","volume":"330","author":"M Zungu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zungu M, Young ME, Stanley WC, Essop MF. Chronic treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist Wy-14,643 attenuates myocardial respiratory capacity and contractile function. Mol Cell Biochem. 2009;330:55\u201362.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"309_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.03.033","volume":"446","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Yang J, Huang J, Li T, Xu D, Zuo B, et al. The formation of brown adipose tissue induced by transgenic over-expression of PPARgamma2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;446:959\u201364.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"309_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.06.027","volume":"76","author":"G Ding","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ding G, Fu M, Qin Q, Lewis W, Kim HW, Fukai T, et al. Cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is essential in protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;76:269\u201379.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"309_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.08.072","volume":"165","author":"TI Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee TI, Chen YC, Kao YH, Hsiao FC, Lin YK, Chen YJ. Rosiglitazone induces arrhythmogenesis in diabetic hypertensive rats with calcium handling alteration. Int J Cardiol. 2013;165:299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"309_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-3-32","volume":"3","author":"J H\u00e5kansson","year":"2011","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson J, Eliasson B, Smith U, Enerb\u00e4ck S. Adipocyte mitochondrial genes and the forkhead factor FOXC2 are decreased in type 2 diabetes patients and normalized in response to rosiglitazone. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2011;3:32.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"309_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.5.1392","volume":"54","author":"I Bogacka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bogacka I, Xie H, Bray GA, Smith SR. Pioglitazone induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Diabetes. 2005;54:1392\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"309_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.08.016","volume":"45","author":"MC Chiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chiang MC, Chern Y, Huang RN. PPARgamma rescue of the mitochondrial dysfunction in Huntington\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2012;45:322\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"309_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31781","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204279200","volume":"277","author":"YL Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang YL, Frauwirth KA, Rangwala SM, Lazar MA, Thompson CB. Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 Can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:31781\u20138.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"309_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.02.018","volume":"284","author":"D Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu D, Wu CQ, Li ZJ, Liu Y, Fan X, Wang QJ, et al. Characterizing the mechanism of thiazolidinedione-induced hepatotoxicity: an in vitro model in mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2015;284:134\u201341.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"309_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.4.1052","volume":"53","author":"B Brunmair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brunmair B, Staniek K, Gras F, Scharf N, Althaym A, Clara R, et al. Thiazolidinediones, like metformin, inhibit respiratory complex I: a common mechanism contributing to their antidiabetic actions? Diabetes. 2004;53:1052\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"309_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.03.033","volume":"70","author":"DL Feinstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feinstein DL, Spagnolo A, Akar C, Weinberg G, Murphy P, Gavrilyuk V, et al. Receptor-independent actions of PPAR thiazolidinedione agonists: is mitochondrial function the key? Biochem Pharmacol. 2005;70:177\u201388.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"309_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2013.839659","volume":"23","author":"JR Colca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colca JR, Tanis SP, McDonald WG, Kletzien RF. Insulin sensitizers in 2013: new insights for the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat metabolic diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2014;23:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"309_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303360110","volume":"110","author":"AS Divakaruni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Divakaruni AS, Wiley SE, Rogers GW, Andreyev AY, Petrosyan S, Loviscach M, et al. Thiazolidinediones are acute, specific inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110:5422\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"309_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61551","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061551","volume":"8","author":"JR Colca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Colca JR, McDonald WG, Cavey GS, Cole SL, Holewa DD, Brightwell-Conrad AS, et al. Identification of a mitochondrial target of thiazolidinedione insulin sensitizers (mTOT)--relationship to newly identified mitochondrial pyruvate carrier proteins. PLoS One. 2013;8:e61551.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"309_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5318","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701078104","volume":"104","author":"SE Wiley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiley SE, Murphy AN, Ross SA, van der Geer P, Dixon JE. MitoNEET is an iron-containing outer mitochondrial membrane protein that regulates oxidative capacity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104:5318\u201323.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomedical Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12929-016-0309-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T05:51:05Z","timestamp":1568699465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12929-016-0309-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-016-0309-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1423-0127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1423-0127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"article-number":"5"}}