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UPEC possess several virulence factors (VFs) for infecting and injuring the host. We studied the\n                      <jats:italic>papG<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele distribution, and its association with other VF genes and phylogenetic groups, amongst 836 UPEC and fecal isolates from reproductive age women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was highly prevalent amongst pyelonephritis isolates (68%), whilst the majority,\n                      <jats:italic>albeit<\/jats:italic>\n                      smaller proportion, of cystitis isolates (31%) harboured the\n                      <jats:italic>papGIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Among the pyelonephritis and cystitis isolates,\n                      <jats:italic>papG<\/jats:italic>\n                      positive isolates on average had higher VF gene scores, and were more likely to belong to phylogenetic group B2, than their negative counterparts. This was mostly due to the contribution of\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates, which on average contained more VF genes than their\n                      <jats:italic>papGIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      counterparts, irrespective of the uro-clinical syndrome. However, the\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from the pyelonephritis cohort had higher VF gene scores than the cystitis ones, suggesting presence of possible\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      clones with differing inferred virulence potential. Furthermore,\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were more likely to possess an intact\n                      <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene operon than their\n                      <jats:italic>papGIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      counterparts. Also of note was the high proportion of isolates with the\n                      <jats:italic>papGI<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele which was not associated with other\n                      <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n                      operon genes; and this finding has not been described before.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The association of the\n                      <jats:italic>papGII<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene with several VF genes compared to the\n                      <jats:italic>papGIII<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, appears to explain the abundance of these genes in pyelonephritis and cystitis isolates, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-022-00848-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T22:02:21Z","timestamp":1662501741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Distribution of papG alleles among uropathogenic Escherichia coli from reproductive age women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Timothy","family":"Kudinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanrong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287219832172","volume":"11","author":"M Medina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Medina M, Castillo-Pino E. 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