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Due to its intrinsic polyresistance to a wide range of antibiotics, most treatments for <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> pulmonary infections are poorly effective. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) active against bacterial strains and less prompt to cause resistance, represent a good alternative to conventional antibiotics. Herein, we evaluated the effect of three arenicin isoforms, possessing two or four Cysteines involved in one (<jats:bold>Ar-1<\/jats:bold>, <jats:bold>Ar-2<\/jats:bold>) or two disulfide bonds (<jats:bold>Ar-3<\/jats:bold>), on the in vitro growth of <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The respective disulfide-free AMPs, were built by replacing the Cysteines with alpha-amino-<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-butyric acid (Abu) residue. We evaluated the efficiency of the eight arenicin derivatives through their antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> strains, their cytotoxicity towards human cell lines, and their hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes. The mechanism of action of the <jats:bold>Ar-1<\/jats:bold> peptide was further investigated through membrane permeabilization assay, electron microscopy, lipid insertion assay via surface pressure measurement, and the induction of resistance assay.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results demonstrated that <jats:bold>Ar-1<\/jats:bold> was the safest peptide with no toxicity towards human cells and no hemolytic activity, and the most active against <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> growth. <jats:bold>Ar-1<\/jats:bold> acts by insertion into mycobacterial lipids, resulting in a rapid membranolytic effect that kills <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> without induction of resistance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, the present study emphasized <jats:bold>Ar-1<\/jats:bold> as a potential new alternative to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of CF-associated bacterial infection related to <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-024-01007-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1706522559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Promising antibacterial efficacy of arenicin peptides against the emerging opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Magali","family":"Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Maresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Poncin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Point","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Olleik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Boidin-Wichlacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Tasiemski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0864-8314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Cavalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Canaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0331-1","volume":"18","author":"MD Johansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johansen MD, Herrmann JL, Kremer L. 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