{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T15:57:50Z","timestamp":1794067070871,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respir Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1566551324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Critical combination of initial markers for predicting refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: a case control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Young-Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47119-0","volume":"56","author":"N Miyashita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miyashita N, Obase Y, Ouchi K, Kawasaki K, Kawai Y, Kobashi Y, et al. Clinical features of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults admitted to an intensive care unit. J Med Microbiol. 2007;56:1625\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1152_CR2","first-page":"223","volume":"57","author":"A Tamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamura A, Matsubara K, Tanaka T, Nigami H, Yura K, Fukaya T. Methylpredonisolone pulse therapy for refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. J Inf Secur. 2008;57:223\u20138.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"key":"1152_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20374","volume":"41","author":"KY Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee KY, Lee HS, Hong JH, Lee MH, Lee JS, Burgner D, et al. Role of prednisolone treatment in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006;41:263\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"1152_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21481","volume":"46","author":"A Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu A, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang M. Combined treatment for child refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with ciproxacin and glucocorticoid. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011;46:1093\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"1152_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1086\/317498","volume":"31","author":"M Radisic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Radisic M, Torn A, Gutierrez P, Defranchi HA, Pardo P. Severe acute lung injury caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae: potential role for steroid pulses in treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:1507\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1152_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2012.4.2.92","volume":"4","author":"YC Jeong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jeong YC, Yeo MS, Kim JH, Lee HB, Oh JW. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection affects the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-5 in atopic children. Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res. 2012;4:92\u20137.","journal-title":"Allergy, Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"1152_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2008.51.5.487","volume":"51","author":"Y Seo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seo Y, Yu BK, Oh YJ, Lee Y, Yoo Y, Choung JT, et al. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor in children with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and wheezing. Korean J Pediatr. 2008;51:487\u201391.","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"1152_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.049023","volume":"83","author":"N Nisar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nisar N, Guleria R, Kumar S, Chawla TC, Biswas NR. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role in asthma. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83:100\u20134.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"1152_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5.1493","volume":"121","author":"H Tanaka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tanaka H, Narita M, Teramoto S, Saikai T, Oashi K, Igarashi T, et al. Role of interleukin-18 and T-helper type 1 cytokines in the development of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adults. Chest. 2002;121:1493\u20137.","journal-title":"Chest."},{"key":"1152_CR10","first-page":"109","volume":"34","author":"CC Hsieh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hsieh CC, Tang RB, Tsai CH, Chen W. Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a concentrations in children with mycoplasma pneumonia. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2001;34:109\u201312.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"1152_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2012.55.2.42","volume":"55","author":"YS Youn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Youn YS, Lee KY. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Korean J Pediatr. 2012;55:42\u20137.","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"key":"1152_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.01.001","volume":"20","author":"N Inamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inamura N, Miyashita N, Hasegawa S, Kato A, Fukuda Y, Saitoh A, et al. Management of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: utility of measuring serum lactate dehydrogenase level. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20:270\u20133.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1152_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03920","volume":"60","author":"A Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu A, Wang C, Zang X, Wang L, Qian L. Lactate dehydrogenase as a biomarker for prediction of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Respir Care. 2015;60:1469\u201375.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"1152_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00799.x","volume":"62","author":"S Hirao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hirao S, Wada H, Nakagaki K, Saraya T, Kurai D, Mikura S, et al. Inflammation provoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract: implications for combination treatment with clarithromycin and dexamethasone. Immunol Med Microbiol. 2011;62:182\u20139.","journal-title":"Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1152_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1086\/591915","volume":"198","author":"C Tagliabue","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tagliabue C, Salvatore CM, Techasaensiri C, Mej\u00edas A, Torres JP, Katz K, et al. The impact of steroids given with macrolide therapy on experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1180\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1152_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.10.008","volume":"21","author":"N Miyashita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miyashita N, Kawaia Y, Inamura N, Tanaka T, Akaike H, Teranishi H, et al. Setting a standard for the initiation of steroid therapy in refractory or severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in adolescents and adults. J Infect Chemother. 2015;21:153\u201360.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1152_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-012-9545-3","volume":"36","author":"K Daisuke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Daisuke K, Kazuhide N, Hiroo W, Saraya T, Kamiya S, Fujioka, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract induces an IL-17-associated inflammatory reaction in murine lung: Implication for Mycoplasma pneumonia. Inflammation. 2013;36:285\u201393.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"1152_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-011-0265-7","volume":"17","author":"T Oishi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oishi T, Narita M, Matsui K, Shirai T, Mastsuo M, Negishi J, et al. Clinical implications of interleukin-18 levels in pediatric patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 2011;17:803\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"1152_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.6.909-914.2000","volume":"7","author":"M. Narita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Narita M, Tanaka H, Abe S, Yamada S, Kubota M, Togashi T. Close association between pulmonary disease manifestation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and enhanced local production of interleukin-18 in the lung, independent of gamma interferon. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2000;7(6):909\u201314.","journal-title":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"},{"key":"1152_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2015.07.009","volume":"21","author":"R Kawamata","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kawamata R, Yokoyama K, Sato M, Goto M, Nozaki Y, Takagi T, et al. Utility of serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase as surrogate markers for steroid therapy for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Infect Chemother. 2015;21:783\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1152_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22752","volume":"49","author":"Z Luo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luo Z, Luo J, Liu E, Xu X, Liu Y, Zeng F, et al. Effects of prednisolone on refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014;49:377\u201380.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"1152_CR22","first-page":"779","volume":"53","author":"Y Lan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lan Y, Yang D, Chen Z, Tang L, Xu Y, Cheng Y. Effectiveness of methylprednisolone in treatment of children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and its relationship with bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine levels. Chinese J Pediatr. 2015;53:779\u201383.","journal-title":"Chinese J Pediatr"},{"key":"1152_CR23","first-page":"57","volume":"34","author":"S Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim S, Um TH, Cho CR. Evaluation of chorus Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM assay for the serological diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Lab Med Qual Assur. 2012;34:57\u201362.","journal-title":"J Lab Med Qual Assur"},{"key":"1152_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4962-2","volume":"44","author":"B Matteo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matteo B, Garnacho M, Artur P. When antibiotic treatment fails. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44:73\u20135.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Respiratory Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1598051636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1152-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-993X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-993X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocol and consent forms were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Hanyang University (approval number 2016\u201303-009). Written informed consent was obtained from all parents allowing the pediatric patients to undergo serum blood tests, respiratory virus examinations, and mycoplasma IgM tests, and for serum samples to be saved for later evaluation of biomarkers and cytokines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"193"}}