{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:21:41Z","timestamp":1760016101805},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respir Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination is routine and near-universal in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). It has been suggested that BCG can have a protective effect on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This commentary discusses the limitations of the evidence around BCG and COVID-19. We argue that higher-quality evidence is necessary to understand the protective effect of the BCG vaccine from existing, secondary data, while we await results from clinical trials currently conducted in different settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01439-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T04:52:57Z","timestamp":1594443177000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The need for fast-track, high-quality and low-cost studies about the role of the BCG vaccine in the fight against COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marcos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enny","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anete","family":"Trajman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramon Andrade","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcio Santos","family":"da Natividade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia M.","family":"Pescarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Martins","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florisneide Rodrigues","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareth","family":"Dalcomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Yury","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ceuci","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel","family":"Barral-Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio L.","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miller A, Reandelar MJ, Fasciglione K, Roumenova V, Li Y, Otazu GH. Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042937.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.24.20042937"},{"key":"1439_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shet A, Ray D, Malavige N, Santosham M, Bar-Zeev N. Differential COVID-19-attributable mortality and BCG vaccine use in countries. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.01.20049478.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.01.20049478"},{"key":"1439_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Szigeti R, Kellermayer D, Kellermayer R. BCG protects against COVID-19? A word of caution. medRxiv. 2020:2020.04.09.20056903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.09.20056903.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.09.20056903"},{"key":"1439_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hensel J, McGrail DJ, McAndrews KM, Dowlatshahi D, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. 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