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Epithelial mRNA was obtained from cystic and normal areas after laser capture microdissection (LCM). Transcriptomic analyses were performed and the results were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in independent samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After controlling for RNA quality, we analysed the transcriptomes of six cystic areas and five control areas. In total, 393 transcripts were differentially expressed in the epithelium, between CCAM and control areas. The most highly redundant genes involved in biological functions and signalling pathways differentially expressed between CCAM and control epithelium included<jats:italic>TGFB2, TGFBR1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>MAP\u00a02\u2009K1<\/jats:italic>. These genes were considered particularly relevant as they have been implicated in branching morphogenesis. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed in independent samples that<jats:italic>TGFBR1<\/jats:italic>was more strongly expressed in CCAM than in control tissues (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed TGFBR1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0007) and TGFB2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02) levels to be significantly higher in the epithelium of CCAM than in that of control tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This compartmentalised transcriptomic analysis of the epithelium of macrocystic lung malformations identified a dysregulation of TGFB signalling at the mRNA and protein levels, suggesting a possible role of this pathway in CCAM pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01732185?term=NCT01732185&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1\">NCT01732185<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-1306-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:06:45Z","timestamp":1612310805000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations of the lung: an epithelial transcriptomic approach"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Lezmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamila","family":"Vibhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bevilaqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Crapart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Cagnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naziha","family":"Khen-Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Boyle-Freyssaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Hadchouel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0007-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Delacourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1306_CR1","unstructured":"European surveillance of congenital anomalies (EUROCAT). 2019. http:\/\/www.eurocat-network.eu\/accessprevalencedata\/prevalencetables Free registration needed for access to national prevalence tables."},{"key":"1306_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3109\/01913128209016647","volume":"3","author":"B Alt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Alt B, Shikes RH, Stanford RE, Silverberg SG. 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