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Previous genome-wide analysis studies in preterm infants indicate that pathways of miR 219-5p are important in infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we report a prospective cohort study of extremely preterm neonates wherein infants diagnosed with severe BPD expressed increased airway miR-219-5p and decreased platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-\u03b1), a target of mir-219-5p and a key regulator of alveolarization, compared to post-conception age-matched term infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>miR-219-5p was highly expressed in the pulmonary epithelial lining in lungs of infants with BPD by in situ<jats:italic>hybridization<\/jats:italic>of human infant lungs. In both in vitro and in vivo (mouse) models of BPD, miR-219-5p was increased on exposure to hyperoxia compared with the normoxia control, with a complementary decrease of PDGFR-\u03b1. To further confirm the target relationship between miR\u2010219 and PDGFR-\u03b1, pulmonary epithelial cells (MLE12) and lung primary fibroblasts were treated with a mimic of miR-219-5p and a locked nucleic acid (LNA) based inhibitor of miR-219-5p. In comparison with the control group, the level of miR\u2010219 increased significantly after miR\u2010219 mimic treatment, while the level of PDGFR-\u03b1 declined markedly. LNA exposure increased PDGFR-\u03b1. Moreover, in BPD mouse model, over-expression of miR-219-5p inhibited alveolar development, indicated by larger alveolar spaces accompanied by reduced septation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, our results demonstrate that increased miR-219-5p contributes to the pathogenesis of BPD by targeting and reducing PDGFR-\u03b1. The use of specific miRNA antagonists may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the development of BPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01654-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:05:22Z","timestamp":1613779522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["MicroRNA 219-5p inhibits alveolarization by reducing platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Amelia","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luhua","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelida","family":"Olave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Rezonzew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Gentle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria S.","family":"Pryhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Gaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trent E.","family":"Tipple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namasivayam","family":"Ambalavanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charitharth Vivek","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1239","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00268.2015","volume":"309","author":"DM Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva DM, Nardiello C, Pozarska A, Morty RE. 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