{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T21:29:23Z","timestamp":1775510963057,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Private Universit\u00e4t Witten\/Herdecke gGmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respir Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Long-term non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is as an established treatment option for chronic hypercapnic COPD patients. Beneficial effects have also been shown during exercise, but this is restricted to rehabilitation programs. New portable NIV (pNIV) devices may now enable NIV application during walking at home.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In two randomized crossover trials, the impact of pNIV on dyspnea and endurance capacity was investigated in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Participants performed a standardized 6-min walking test, with and without pNIV, using a pre-set inspiratory\/expiratory positive airway pressure of 18\/8 cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O. The first study was performed in NIV-na\u00efve patients (Study I), while the second study was performed in those already established on long-term NIV (Study II).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>38 patients (66.9\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4\u00a0years, mean FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>: 30.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098%pred) and 23 patients (67.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7\u00a0years, mean FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>: 29.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4%pred) participated in Study I and II, respectively. In Study I, the mean difference in the Borg Dyspnea Scale (BDS, primary outcome) score following walking was 3.2 (IQR 2\u20134) without pNIV, compared to 2.6 (IQR 1\u20134) with pNIV (\u0394BDS 0.65, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04), while walking distance increased from 311.8\u00a0m (95%CI 276.9\u2013346.6\u00a0m) to 326.3\u00a0m (95%CI 291.5\u2013361.2\u00a0m) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044) when pNIV was used. Accordingly, in Study II, the mean difference in BDS was 4.4 (IQR 3\u20136) without pNIV, compared to 4.5 (IQR 3\u20136) with pNIV (\u0394BDS 0.09, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.54), while walking distance decreased from 291.5\u00a0m (95%CI 246.1\u2013336.9\u00a0m) to 258.4\u00a0m (95%CI 213\u2013303.8\u00a0m) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The use of a pNIV device during walking can improve dyspnea and walking distance in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Patients who do not already receive long-term NIV therapy are more likely to benefit compared to those undergoing long-term NIV. Careful patient selection is mandatory.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Clinical Trial Register<\/jats:italic>: DRKS00013203; DRKS00012913 registered October 20th 2017 and October 16th 2017; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/\">https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01710-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T07:02:49Z","timestamp":1619420569000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Portable NIV for patients with moderate to severe COPD: two randomized crossover trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Daniel Sebastian","family":"Majorski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friederike Sophie","family":"Magnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saadia","family":"Thilemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Schmoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8989-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Bettina","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1710_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01003-2019","author":"B Ergan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ergan B, Oczkowski S, Rochwerg B, Carlucci A, Chatwin M, Clini E, Elliott M, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Hart N, Lujan M, Nasilowski J, Nava S, Pepin JL, Pisani L, Storre JH, Wijkstra P, Tonia T, Boyd J, Scala R, Windisch W. 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The studies were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki [] and were registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00013203; DRKS00012913). All patients provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"A signed declaration of consent regarding the rights of use is available from the subjects shown.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DSM: open research grant from Philips Respironics\/USA. FSM received speaking fees from companies dealing with mechanical ventilation products. ST: no conflicts of interest. CS: no conflicts of interest. WW: received speaking fees from companies dealing with mechanical ventilation products. SBS: received travel grants from companies dealing with mechanical ventilation products. The Cologne study group (DSM, SBS, FSM and WW) received open research grants from Weinmann\/Germany, Vivisol\/Germany, Heinen und L\u00f6wenstein\/Germany, VitalAire\/Germany, and Phillips Respironics\/USA.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"123"}}