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However, evidence for acute effects of ambient air pollution exposure on pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD is scarce. We aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We enrolled COPD cases aged\u2009\u2265\u200960\u00a0years old and further filtered those who were admitted into hospitals from pneumonia during 2016\u20132019 in Guangdong province, China for main analysis. A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to investigate the association and conditional logistic regression model was used for data analysis. We performed inverse distance weighting method to estimate daily individual-level exposure on particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter\u2009\u2264\u20092.5\u00a0\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter\u2009\u2264\u200910\u00a0\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) based on personal residential addresses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included 6473 pneumonia hospital admissions during the study period. Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> (lag 2; IQR, 22.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (lag 03; IQR, 4.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (lag 03; IQR, 21.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (lag 04; IQR, 57.9\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) was associated with an odds ratio in pneumonia hospital admission of 1.043 (95% CI: 1.004\u20131.083), 1.081 (95% CI: 1.026\u20131.140), 1.045 (95% CI: 1.005\u20131.088), and 1.080 (95% CI: 1.018\u20131.147), respectively. Non-linear trends for PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, and SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were observed in the study. Sex, age at hospital admission, and season at hospital admission did not modify the associations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found significantly positive associations of short-term exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with pneumonia hospital admission among COPD patients. It provides new insight for comprehensive pneumonia prevention and treatment among COPD patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01989-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T02:04:48Z","timestamp":1648519488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and pneumonia hospital admission among patients with COPD: a time-stratified case-crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunxiang","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuewei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1989_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. 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