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We aim to characterize the respiratory microbiota and radiomics features of COPD patients and explore the relationship between them.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sputa from stable COPD patients were collected for bacterial 16\u00a0S rRNA gene sequencing and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Chest computed tomography (CT) and 3D-CT analysis were conducted for radiomics information, including the percentages of low attenuation area below \u2212\u2009950 Hounsfield Units (LAA%), wall thickness (WT), and intraluminal area (Ai). WT and Ai were adjusted by body surface area (BSA) to WT\/<jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\sqrt{\\text{B}\\text{S}\\text{A}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> and Ai\/BSA, respectively. Some key pulmonary function indicators were collected, which included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusion lung carbon monoxide (DLco). Differences and correlations of microbiomics with radiomics and clinical indicators between different patient subgroups were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two bacterial clusters dominated by <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> were identified. Chao and Shannon indices were higher in the <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> cluster than that in the <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> cluster. Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) indicated significant differences between their community structures. Higher relative abundance of <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic> was detected in the <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> cluster. Some genera were more common in the <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> cluster, mainly including <jats:italic>Leptotrichia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic> was positively correlated with DLco per unit of alveolar volume as a percentage of predicted value (DLco\/VA%pred). The patients with past-year exacerbations were more in the <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> cluster. Fungal analysis revealed two clusters dominated by <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>. Chao and Shannon indices of the <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> cluster were higher than that in the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cluster. PCoA showed distinct community compositions between the two clusters. Greater abundance of <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Penicillium<\/jats:italic> was found in the <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> cluster. The patients of the <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> cluster had upper FEV1 and FEV1\/FVC levels. In radiomics, the patients of the <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> cluster had higher LAA% and WT\/<jats:inline-formula><jats:tex-math>$$\\sqrt{\\text{B}\\text{S}\\text{A}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><\/jats:inline-formula> than those of the <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> cluster. <jats:italic>Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon<\/jats:italic> positively correlated with Ai\/BSA, but <jats:italic>Cladosporium<\/jats:italic> negatively correlated with Ai\/BSA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among respiratory microbiota in stable COPD patients, <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> dominance was associated with an increased risk of exacerbation, <jats:italic>and Rothia<\/jats:italic> dominance was relevant to worse emphysema and airway lesions. <jats:italic>Peptostreptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus, Neisseria and Cutaneotrichosporon<\/jats:italic> probably affected COPD progression and potentially could be disease prediction biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02434-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:02:27Z","timestamp":1683882147000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Respiratory microbiota and radiomics features in the stable COPD patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunrong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hejie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guochao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01431-y","volume":"21","author":"KF Rabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rabe K F, Halpin D M G, Han M K, et al. 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