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The objective of this study was to examine the influence of sex in prolonged weaning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing prolonged weaning at Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg between 12\/08 and 12\/23 was conducted. Patients with neuromuscular diseases were excluded from the analyses. The risk factors for weaning failure in men and women were identified through stepwise cox-regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 785 patients were included, of whom 313 (39.9%) were women. 77.9% of the women and 75.4% of the men were successfully weaned from invasive ventilation. In group comparisons and multivariable analyses, sex was not found to be a risk factor for weaning failure. Cox regression analyses were performed separately for both sexes on the outcome of weaning failure, adjusting for relevant covariates. The results indicated that age\u2009\u2265\u200965\u00a0years (HR 2.38, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and the duration of IMV before transfer to the weaning centre (HR 1.01\/day, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were independent risk factors in men. In women, however, the duration of IMV before transfer (HR 1.01, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), previous\u00a0non-invasive ventilation (HR 2.9, p 0.005),\u00a0the presence of critical illness polyneuropathy (HR 1.82; p\u2009=\u20090.040) and delirium (HR 2.50, p\u2009=\u20090.017) were identified as relevant risk factors. In contrast delirium was associated with a favourable weaning outcome in men (HR 0.38, p\u2009=\u20090.020) and nosocomial pneumonia as a reason for prolonged weaning in women (HR 0.43; p\u2009=\u20090.032).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analyses indicate that there are sex-based differences in the risk factors associated with weaning failure. Further studies, ideally prospective, should confirm these findings to assess whether sex is a factor that should be taken into account to improve weaning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-03002-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T02:04:57Z","timestamp":1728353097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Differences between women and men in prolonged weaning"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Evelyn","family":"R\u00f6ser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia D.","family":"Michels-Zetsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Ers\u00f6z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Neetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"H\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Trinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Kontogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hauke","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana Christina","family":"Dahlhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Krysa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix J. 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The necessity for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Julia D. Michels-Zetsche, Benjamin Neetz, Michael M. M\u00fcller, Felix J.F. Herth and Franziska C. Trudzinski and Jana-Christina Dahlhoff report a relationship with Federal Joint Committee of Doctors Hospitals and Health Insurers that includes: funding grants for the PRiVENT project. Outside the submitted work: Franziska C. Trudzinski reports payment or honoraria for lectures, or reimbursement of travel expenses from Novartis AG, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Grifols, Streamed up, RG Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Information und Organisation mbH and AstraZeneca. Julia D. Michels-Zetsche reports payment or honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca and reimbursement of travel expenses from CSL Behring. Frederik Trinkmann reports personal fees from Actelion, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Novartis, Mundipharma, TEVA, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis. Konstantina Kontogianni reports consulting fees from Cook Medical and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Berlin Chemie, Boston Scientific, Olympus medical. The other authors report no further competing interest concerning this manuscript. Hilal Ers\u00f6z reports support for attending meetings and\/or travel from CSL Behring.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"363"}}