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Our experimental methods are performed in accordance with ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975. Informed written consent was obtained from either participants or their legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Russell reports patents owned by the University of British Columbia (UBC) that are related to (1) the use of PCSK9 inhibitor(s) in sepsis, (2) the use of vasopressin in septic shock and (3) a patent owned by Ferring for use of selepressin in septic shock. Dr. Russell is an inventor on these patents. Dr. Russell is a shareholder in Molecular You Corp. Dr. Russell was a co-founder, Director and shareholder of Cyon Therapeutics Inc. (now closed) and Dr. Russell is currently a Cofounder, Director, and shareholder of Resolve Nanotherapeutics. Dr. Russell is the Senior Research Advisor of the British Columbia, Canada Post COVID \u2013 Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Network (PC-ICCN). Dr. Russell is no longer consulting for any industry. Dr. Russell reports receiving consulting fees in the last 3\u00a0years as a funded member of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) of an NIH-sponsored trial of plasma in COVID-19 (PASS-IT-ON) (2020\u20132021). Dr. Russell is the non-funded Chair of the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) of a trial UC CISS II of stem cells in sepsis. Dr. Russell was a non-funded Science Advisor and member, Government of Canada COVID-19 Therapeutics Task Force (June 2020\u20132021). Dr. Russell has received grants for COVID-19 and for pneumonia research: 6 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and 3 from the St. Paul\u2019s Foundation (SPF).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"264"}}