{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:30:10Z","timestamp":1758634210103,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology","award":["KAKENHI 16K09747"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAKENHI 16K09747"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ultrasonic gray-scale median (GSM) of the carotid wall reflects its composition and low-GSM carotid plaque is considered to be vulnerable. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on the longitudinal change in GSM, an index of the tissue characteristics of the carotid wall, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a post hoc sub-analysis using data obtained from the SPIKE trial, a randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the beneficial effect of sitagliptin on the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with T2DM. A total of 274 T2DM patients with no past history of apparent cardiovascular disease (137 in the sitagliptin treatment group and 137 in the conventional treatment group) were enrolled. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in mean GSM-CCA during the 104-week treatment period.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean GSM-CCA significantly increased in the sitagliptin treatment group (adjusted \u0394GSM\u00a0=\u00a02.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19 [mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SE], p\u00a0=\u00a00.044) but not in the conventional treatment group (adjusted \u0394GSM\u00a0=\u00a01.32\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19, p\u00a0=\u00a00.27). However, there was no significant difference in changes in mean GSM-CCA between the treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A post hoc sub-analysis suggests that the tissue characteristics of the carotid arterial wall were improved in the sitagliptin treatment group during the 104-week treatment period, but not in the conventional treatment group. However, there was no between-group difference in the changes of GSM values between the two treatment groups. Prespecified studies with large sample sizes would be necessary to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> UMIN000028664, Registered 15 August 2017 (\u201cretrospectively registered\u201d)<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T10:19:18Z","timestamp":1517825958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of sitagliptin on tissue characteristics of the carotid wall in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc sub-analysis of the sitagliptin preventive study of intima-media thickness evaluation (SPIKE)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"umin000028664","registry":"10.18810\/umin-japan"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9020-8320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Katakami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Mita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Irie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Takahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taka-aki","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Gosho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Watada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iichiro","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Sitagliptin Preventive study of Intima-media thickness Evaluation (SPIKE) Collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201233260406","volume":"326","author":"V Fuster","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ, Chesebro JH. The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:242\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.5.1764","volume":"83","author":"RT Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee RT, Grodzinsky AJ, Frank EH, Kamm RD, Schoen FJ. Structure-dependent dynamic mechanical behavior of fibrous caps from human atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation. 1991;83:1764\u201370.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"666_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.5.377","volume":"69","author":"MJ Davies","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Richardson PD, Woolf N, Katz DR, Mann J. Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content. Br Heart J. 1993;69:377\u201381.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"666_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.068","volume":"47","author":"E Falk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falk E. Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:C7\u201312.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"666_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000091257.27563.32","volume":"108","author":"MA Creager","year":"2003","unstructured":"Creager MA, L\u00fcscher TF, Cosentino F, Beckman JA. Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I. Circulation. 2003;108:1527\u201332.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"666_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2011.05.001","volume":"55","author":"GP Fadini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fadini GP, Avogaro A. Cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 inhibition: beyond GLP-1. Vascul Pharmacol. 2011;55:10\u20136.","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10202","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10202","volume":"26","author":"X Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song X, Jia H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Liu Y. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) based therapies in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2015;26(5):10202.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070933","volume":"8","author":"M Terasaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Terasaki M, Nagashima M, Nohtomi K, Kohashi K, Tomoyasu M, Sinmura K, Nogi Y, Katayama Y, Sato K, Itoh F, Watanabe T, Hirano T. Preventive effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on atherosclerosis is mainly attributable to incretin\u2019s actions in nondiabetic and diabetic apolipoprotein E-null mice. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:e70933.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-014-0154-3","volume":"13","author":"Y Terasaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Terasaki Y, Nomiyama T, Kawanami T, Hamaguchi Y, Takahashi H, Tanaka T, Murase K, Nagaishi R, Tanabe M, Yanase T. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin attenuates neointima formation after vascular injury. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2014;13:154.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-014-0958-4","volume":"387","author":"MA Nader","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nader MA. Sitagliptin ameliorates lipid profile changes and endothelium dysfunction induced by atherogenic diet in rabbits. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2014;387:433\u201344.","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12446","volume":"7","author":"T Hirano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirano T, Mori Y. Anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in experimental animals. J Diabetes Investig. 2016;7:80\u20136.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"666_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.07.053","volume":"59","author":"J Matsubara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsubara J, Sugiyama S, Sugamura K, Nakamura T, Fujiwara Y, Akiyama E, Kurokawa H, Nozaki T, Ohba K, Konishi M, Maeda H, Izumiya Y, Kaikita K, Sumida H, Jinnouchi H, Matsui K, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Takeya M, Ogawa H. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, improves endothelial function and reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:265\u201376.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2582-5","volume":"55","author":"F Vittone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vittone F, Liberman A, Vasic D, Ostertag R, Esser M, Walcher D, Ludwig A, Marx N, Burgmaier M. Sitagliptin reduces plaque macrophage content and stabilises arteriosclerotic lesions in Apoe (-\/-) mice. Diabetologia. 2012;55:2267\u201375.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.09.004","volume":"62","author":"N Satoh-Asahara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Satoh-Asahara N, Sasaki Y, Wada H, Tochiya M, Iguchi A, Nakagawachi R, Odori S, Kono S, Hasegawa K, Shimatsu A. A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism. 2013;62:347\u201351.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.06.004","volume":"63","author":"AJ Tremblay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tremblay AJ, Lamarche B, Deacon CF, Weisnagel SJ, Couture P. Effects of sitagliptin therapy on markers of low-grade inflammation and cell adhesion molecules in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2014;63:1141\u20138.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"666_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103","volume":"340","author":"DH O\u2019Leary","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK Jr, Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:14\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"666_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.628875","volume":"115","author":"MW Lorenz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lorenz MW, Markus HS, Bots ML, Rosvall M, Sitzer M. Prediction of clinical cardiovascular events with carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2007;115:459\u201367.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"666_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0360-2","volume":"5","author":"MF Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li MF, Zhao CC, Li TT, Tu YF, Lu JX, Zhang R, Chen MY, Bao YQ, Li LX, Jia WP. The coexistence of carotid and lower extremity atherosclerosis further increases cardio-cerebrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;5(15):43.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"15","key":"666_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0334-4","volume":"9","author":"CH Rassi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rassi CH, Churchill TW, Tavares CA, Fahel MG, Rassi FP, Uchida AH, Wajchenberg BL, Lerario AC, Hulten E, Nasir K, Bittencourt MS, Rochitte CE, Blankstein R. Use of imaging and clinical data to screen for cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic diabetics. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;9(15):28.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.12.018","volume":"227","author":"M Barbieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barbieri M, Rizzo MR, Marfella R, Boccardi V, Esposito A, Pansini A, Paolisso G. Decreased carotid atherosclerotic process by control of daily acute glucose fluctuations in diabetic patients treated by DPP-IV inhibitors. Atherosclerosis. 2013;227:349\u201354.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"666_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0781","volume":"39","author":"T Mita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mita T, Katakami N, Yoshii H, Onuma T, Kaneto H, Osonoi T, Shiraiwa T, Kosugi K, Umayahara Y, Yamamoto T, Yokoyama H, Kuribayashi N, Jinnouchi H, Gosho M, Shimomura I, Watada H, Collaborators on the Study of Preventive Effects of Alogliptin on Diabetic Atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A) Trial. Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, prevents the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes: the study of preventive effects of alogliptin on diabetic atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A). Diabetes Care. 2016;39:139\u201348.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2145","volume":"39","author":"M Mita","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mita M, Katakami N, Shiraiwa T, Yoshii H, Onuma T, Kuribayashi N, Osonoi T, Kaneto H, Kosugi K, Umayahara U, Yamamoto T, Matsumoto K, Yokoyama H, Tsugawa M, Gosho M, Shimomura I, Watada H, Collaborators on Sitagliptin Preventive study of Intima media thickness Evaluation (SPIKE) Trial. Sitagliptin attenuates the progression of carotid intima-media thickening in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the sitagliptin preventive study of intima-media thickness evaluation (SPIKE): a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2016;39:455\u201364.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"666_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80121-9","volume":"14","author":"ML Gr\u00f8nholdt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8nholdt ML, Wiebe BM, Laursen H, Nielsen TG, Schroeder TV, Sillesen H. Lipid-rich carotid artery plaques appear echolucent on ultrasound B-mode images and may be associated with intraplaque haemorrhage. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:439\u201345.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.07.021","volume":"52","author":"AN Nicolaides","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nicolaides AN, Kakkos SK, Kyriacou E, Griffin M, Sabetai M, Thomas DJ, Tegos T, Geroulakos G, Labropoulos N, Dor\u00e9 CJ, Morris TP, Naylor R, Abbott AL, Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) Study Group. Asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular risk stratification. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52:1486\u201396.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.015","volume":"230","author":"Y Irie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irie Y, Katakami N, Kaneto H, Takahara M, Nishio M, Kasami R, Sakamoto K, Umayahara Y, Sumitsuji S, Ueda Y, Kosugi K, Shimomura I. The utility of ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque in the prediction of cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis. 2013;230:399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"666_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/hc2601.091704","volume":"104","author":"ML Gr\u00f8nholdt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gr\u00f8nholdt ML, Nordestgaard BG, Schroeder TV, Vorstrup S, Sillesen H. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Circulation. 2001;104:68\u201373.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"666_CR27","first-page":"501","volume":"36","author":"Terminology and Diagnostic Criteria Committee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Terminology and Diagnostic Criteria Committee. Japan society of ultrasonics in medicine. Subcommittee for preparing guidelines for ultrasound diagnosis of carotid artery. Standard method for ultrasound evaluation of carotid artery lesions. Jpn J Med Ultrason. 2009;36:501\u201318.","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Ultrason"},{"key":"666_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2006.05.010","volume":"19","author":"T Yanase","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yanase T, Nasu S, Mukuta Y, Shimizu Y, Nishihara T, Okabe T, Nomura M, Inoguchi T, Nawata H. Evaluation of a new carotid intima-media thickness measurement by B-mode ultrasonography using an innovative measurement software, intimascope. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19:1206\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.9.2189","volume":"31","author":"MM Sabetai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sabetai MM, Tegos TJ, Nicolaides AN, Dhanjil S, Pare GJ, Stevens JM. Reproducibility of computer-quantified carotid plaque echogenicity: can we overcome the subjectivity? Stroke. 2000;31:2189\u201396.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.04.050","volume":"114","author":"S Ishikawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ishikawa S, Shimano M, Watarai M, Koyasu M, Uchikawa T, Ishii H, Inden Y, Takemoto K, Murohara T. Impact of sitagliptin on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with coronary artery disease and impaired glucose tolerance or mild diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:384\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0480-8","volume":"15","author":"M Rizzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Patti AM, Nikolic D, Giglio RV, Castellino G, Li Volti G, Caprio M, Montalto G, Provenzano V, Genovese S, Ceriello A. Liraglutide improves metabolic parameters and carotid intima-media thickness in diabetic patients with the metabolic syndrome: an 18-month prospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016;15(1):162.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"666_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002051","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002051","volume":"13","author":"J Oyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oyama J, Murohara T, Kitakaze M, Ishizu T, Sato Y, Kitagawa K, Kamiya H, Ajioka M, Ishihara M, Dai K, Nanasato M, Sata M, Maemura K, Tomiyama H, Higashi Y, Kaku K, Yamada H, Matsuhisa M, Yamashita K, Bando YK, Kashihara N, Ueda S, Inoue T, Tanaka A, Node K, PROLOGUE Study Investigators. The Effect of sitagliptin on carotid artery atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: the PROLOGUE randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2016;13(6):e1002051.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"666_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-1149","volume":"64","author":"ML Balestrieri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balestrieri ML, Rizzo MR, Barbieri M, Paolisso P, D\u2019Onofrio N, Giovane A, Siniscalchi M, Minicucci F, Sardu C, D\u2019Andrea D, Mauro C, Ferraraccio F, Servillo L, Chirico F, Caiazzo P, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Sirtuin 6 expression and inflammatory activity in diabetic atherosclerotic plaques: effects of incretin treatment. Diabetes. 2015;64:1395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1102-1257","volume":"8","author":"P Libby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Libby P, Aikawa M. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: new mechanisms and clinical targets. Nat Med. 2002;8:1257\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"666_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.03.009","volume":"28","author":"Y Irie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Irie Y, Katakami N, Kaneto H, Takahara M, Sakamoto K, Kosugi K, Shimomura I. The risk factors associated with ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications. 2014;28:523\u20137.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"666_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.12.216","volume":"142","author":"T Sawada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sawada T, Shite J, Shinke T, Otake H, Tanino Y, Ogasawara D, Kawamori H, Kato H, Miyoshi N, Yoshino N, Kozuki A, Hirata K. Low plasma adiponectin levels are associated with presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma in men with stable coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2010;142:250\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"666_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.001","volume":"31","author":"M Barbieri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barbieri M, Marfella R, Esposito A, Rizzo MR, Angellotti E, Mauro C, Siniscalchi M, Chirico F, Caiazzo P, Furbatto F, Bellis A, D\u2019Onofrio N, Vitiello M, Ferraraccio F, Paolisso G, Balestrieri ML. Incretin treatment and atherosclerotic plaque stability: role of adiponectin\/APPL1 signaling pathway. J Diabetes Complications. 2017;31:295\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"666_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.956","volume":"235","author":"TP Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng TP, Yang F, Gao Y, Baskota A, Chen T, Tian HM, Ran XW. Increased plasma DPP4 activities predict new-onset atherosclerosis in association with its proinflammatory effects in Chinese over a 4\u00a0year period: a prospective study. Atherosclerosis. 2014;235:619\u201324.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8749(02)00010-2","volume":"215","author":"H Ikushima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ikushima H, Munakata Y, Iwata S, Ohnuma K, Kobayashi S, Dang NH, Morimoto C. Soluble CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enhances transendothelial migration via its interaction with mannose 6-phosphate\/insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Cell Immunol. 2002;215:106\u201310.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.012","volume":"226","author":"J Zhong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhong J, Rao X, Rajagopalan S. An emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) beyond glucose control: potential implications in cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis. 2013;226:305\u201314.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T16:06:35Z","timestamp":1628611595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-018-0666-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1475-2840"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"24"}}