{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:19:14Z","timestamp":1790507954316,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperglycemia has been associated with increased inflammatory indexes and larger infarct sizes in patients with obstructive acute myocardial infarction (obs-AMI). In contrast, no studies have explored these correlations in non-obstructive acute myocardial infarction (MINOCA). We investigated the relationship between hyperglycemia, inflammation and infarct size in a cohort of AMI patients that included MINOCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with AMI undergoing coronary angiography between 2016 and 2020 were enrolled. The following inflammatory markers were evaluated: C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR). Myocardial infarct size was measured by peak high sensitivity troponin I (Hs-TnI) levels, left-ventricular-end-diastolic-volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final study population consisted of 2450 patients with obs-AMI and 239 with MINOCA. Hyperglycemia was more prevalent among obs-AMI cases. In all hyperglycemic patients\u2014obs-AMI and MINOCA\u2014NLR, NPR, and LPR were markedly altered. Hyperglycemic obs-AMI subjects exhibited a higher Hs-TnI (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), a larger LVEDV (p\u2009=\u20090.003) and a lower LVEF (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) compared to normoglycemic ones. Conversely, MINOCA patients showed a trivial myocardial damage, irrespective of admission glucose levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data confirm the association of hyperglycemic obs-AMI with elevated inflammatory markers and larger infarct sizes. MINOCA patients exhibited modest myocardial damage, regardless of admission glucose levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T10:26:18Z","timestamp":1612261578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Hyperglycemia, inflammatory response and infarct size in obstructive acute myocardial infarction and MINOCA"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Paolisso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Fo\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Fabrizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Chiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Angeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastiano","family":"Toniolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Stefanizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Armillotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Rucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Iannopollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Casella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinzia","family":"Marrozzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazzareno","family":"Gali\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)08415-9","volume":"355","author":"SE Capes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Capes SE, Hunt D, Malmberg K, Gerstein HC. Stress hyperglycaemia and increased risk of death after myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes: a systematic overview. Lancet. 2000;355:773\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1222_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.188629","volume":"117","author":"P Deedwania","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deedwania P, Kosiborod M, Barrett E, Ceriello A, Isley W, Mazzone T, Raskin P. Hyperglycemia and acute coronary syndrome: a scientific statement from the american heart association diabetes committee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation. 2008;117:1610\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1222_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31822fb423","volume":"343","author":"B Shah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah B, Amoroso NS, Sedlis SP. Hyperglycemia in nondiabetic patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med Sci. 2012;343:321\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1222_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.985911","volume":"124","author":"JR Timmer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timmer JR, Hoekstra M, Nijsten MWN, van der Horst ICC, Ottervanger JP, Slingerland RJ, Dambrink JHE, Bilo HJG, Zijlstra F, van Hof AWJ. Prognostic value of admission glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose in nondiabetic patients with ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2011;124:704\u201311.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1222_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-017-0217-1","volume":"9","author":"S Mi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi S, Su G, Yang H, Zhou Y, Tian L, Zhang T, Tao H. Comparison of in-hospital glycemic variability and admission blood glucose in predicting short-term outcomes in non-diabetes patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2017;9:20.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1222_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147916411988398","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164119883983","volume":"17","author":"M Khalfallah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khalfallah M, Abdelmageed R, Elgendy E, Hafez YM. Incidence, predictors and outcomes of stress hyperglycemia in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2020;17(1):1479164119883983.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"1222_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvv023","volume":"1","author":"K Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh K, Hibbert B, Singh B, Carson K, Premaratne M, Le May M, Chong A-Y, Arstall M, So D. Meta-analysis of admission hyperglycaemia in acute myocardial infarction patients treated with primary angioplasty: a cause or a marker of mortality? Eur Heart J - Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2015;1:220\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J - Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"1222_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1177\/1753944715594528","volume":"9","author":"F Angeli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angeli F, Reboldi G, Poltronieri C, Lazzari L, Sordi M, Garofoli M, Bartolini C, Verdecchia P. Hyperglycemia in acute coronary syndromes: from mechanisms to prognostic implications. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;9:412\u201324.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1222_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12514","volume":"17","author":"PE Marik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marik PE, Bellomo R. Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):305.","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"1222_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0872-7","volume":"18","author":"SB Kristiansen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kristiansen SB, P\u00e6lestik KB, Johnsen J, Jespersen NR, Pryds K, Hjortbak MV, Jensen RV, B\u00f8tker HE. Impact of hyperglycemia on myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion susceptibility and ischemic preconditioning in hearts from rats with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:66.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1222_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151456","volume":"3","author":"KL Rock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rock KL, Kono H. The inflammatory response to cell death. Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis. 2008;3:99\u2013126.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol Mech Dis"},{"key":"1222_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imr.2018.02.006","volume":"7","author":"C Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen C, Cong BL, Wang M, Abdullah M, Wang XL, Zhang YH, Xu SJ, Cui L. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of myocardial damage and cardiac dysfunction in acute coronary syndrome patients. Integr Med Res. 2018;7:192\u20139.","journal-title":"Integr Med Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"1222_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319894103","volume":"27","author":"A Somaschini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Somaschini A, Cornara S, Demarchi A, Mandurino-Mirizzi A, Fortuni F, Crimi G, Ferlini M, Camporotondo R, Gnecchi M, Visconti LO, De Ferrari GM. Neutrophil to platelet ratio: A novel prognostic biomarker in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(19):2338\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1222_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40426","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40426","volume":"7","author":"W Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li W, Liu Q, Tang Y. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio in the prediction of adverse outcomes after acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40426.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1222_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2017.0068","volume":"75","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Han S, Zhou L. The prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kardiol Pol. 2017;75(7):666\u201373.","journal-title":"Kardiol Pol"},{"key":"1222_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD, ESC Scientific Document Group, Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, White HD, Mickley H, Crea F, Van de Werf F, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Katus HA, Pinto FJ, Antman EM, Hamm CW, De Caterina R, Januzzi JL, Apple FS, Alonso Garcia MA, Underwood SR, Canty JM, Lyon AR, et al. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J 2019;40:237\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy462"},{"key":"1222_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S, Hindricks G, Kastrati A, Lenzen MJ, Prescott E, Roffi M, Valgimigli M, Varenhorst C, Vranckx P, Widimsk\u00fd P, ESC Scientific Document Group, Collet J-P, Kristensen SD, Aboyans V, Baumbach A, Bugiardini R, Coman IM, Delgado V, Fitzsimons D, Gaemperli O, Gershlick AH, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2018;39:119\u2013177.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393"},{"key":"1222_CR18","unstructured":"Agewall S, Beltrame JF, Reynolds HR, Niessner A, Rosano G, Caforio AL, De Caterina R, Zimarino M, Roffi M, Kjeldsen K, Atar D, Kaski JC, Sechtem U, Tornvall P; WG on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy. ESC working group position paper on myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(3):143\u2013153."},{"key":"1222_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01606","volume":"10","author":"P Paolisso","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paolisso P, Bergamaschi L, Saturi G, D\u2019Angelo EC, Magnani I, Toniolo S, Stefanizzi A, Rinaldi A, Bartoli L, Angeli F, Donati F, Rucci P, Mattioli AV, Taglieri N, Pizzi C, Gali\u00e8 N. Secondary prevention medical therapy and outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Front Pharmacol. 2020;10:1606.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1222_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","volume":"16","author":"RM Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt J-U. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the american society of echocardiography and the european association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;16:233\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1222_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142019. Diabetes Care 2019;42:S13\u2013S28.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S002"},{"key":"1222_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3129","volume":"26","author":"R Marfella","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marfella R, Siniscalchi M, Esposito K, Sellitto A, de Fanis U, Romano C, Portoghese M, Siciliano S, Nappo F, Sasso FC, Mininni N, Cacciapuoti F, Lucivero G, Giunta R, Verza M, Giugliano D. Effects of stress hyperglycemia on acute myocardial infarction: role of inflammatory immune process in functional cardiac outcome. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3129\u201335.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1222_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0844-y","volume":"18","author":"RJ Esper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Esper RJ, Nordaby RA. Cardiovascular events, diabetes and guidelines: the virtue of simplicity. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:42.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1222_CR24","unstructured":"Wong ND, Toth PP, Amsterdam EA; American Society for Preventive Cardiology Most important advances in preventive cardiology during this past decade: Viewpoint from the American Society for Preventive Cardiology. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2019:S1050\u20131738(19)30163-X."},{"key":"1222_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132620","volume":"27","author":"E Galkina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galkina E, Ley K. Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:165\u201397.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1222_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2016.01.005","volume":"17","author":"OA Centuri\u00f3n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Centuri\u00f3n OA. Serum biomarkers and source of inflammation in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2016;17:119\u201328.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"1222_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-016-0259-6","volume":"16","author":"D Kitano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kitano D, Takayama T, Nagashima K, Akabane M, Okubo K, Hiro T, Hirayama A. A comparative study of time-specific oxidative stress after acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:102.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"1222_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545","volume":"107","author":"F Giacco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Complications. Circ Res. 2010;107:1058\u201370.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1222_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00889-7","volume":"278","author":"B Lin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lin B, Ginsberg MD, Busto R, Li L. Hyperglycemia triggers massive neutrophil deposition in brain following transient ischemia in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2000;278:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1222_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:23:2-3:177","volume":"23","author":"SE Borst","year":"2004","unstructured":"Borst SE. The role of TNF-a in insulin resistance. Endocrine. 2004;23(2\u20133):177\u201382.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1222_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0692","volume":"148","author":"J Jager","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jager J, Gr\u00e9meaux T, Cormont M, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Tanti J-F. Interleukin-1\u03b2-induced insulin resistance in adipocytes through down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 expression. Endocrinology. 2007;148:241\u201351.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1222_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E896","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00343.2014","volume":"307","author":"TM Barnes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barnes TM, Otero YF, Elliott AD, Locke AD, Malabanan CM, Coldren AG, Brissova M, Piston DW, McGuinness OP. Interleukin-6 amplifies glucagon secretion: coordinated control via the brain and pancreas. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab. 2014;307:E896\u2013905.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1222_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01074-9","volume":"19","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang S, Cui C, Cai H, Sun R, Pan W, Fang S, Yu B. The association between glucose-related variables and plaque morphology in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:109.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1222_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.047","volume":"160","author":"M de Mulder","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Mulder M, Cornel J-H, van der Ploeg T, Boersma E, Umans VA. Elevated admission glucose is associated with increased long-term mortality in myocardial infarction patients, irrespective of the initially applied reperfusion strategy. Am Heart J. 2010;160:412\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"1222_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamis-Holland JE, Jneid H, Reynolds HR, Agewall S, Brilakis ES, Brown TM, Lerman A, Cushman M, Kumbhani DJ, Arslanian-Engoren C, Bolger AF, Beltrame JF; American Heart Association Interventional Cardiovascular Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Myocardial Infarction in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(18):e891-e908.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000670"},{"key":"1222_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-019-1232-7","volume":"27","author":"MA Beijk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beijk MA, Vlastra WV, Delewi R, van de Hoef TP, Boekholdt SM, Sjauw KD, Piek JJ. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries: a focus on vasospastic angina. Neth Heart J. 2019;27:237\u201345.","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"1222_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18102150","volume":"18","author":"N Burford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burford N, Webster N, Cruz-Topete D. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation of glucocorticoids in the cardiovascular system. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18:2150.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1222_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0833-1","volume":"18","author":"JD Sara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sara JD, Taher R, Kolluri N, Vella A, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with poor glycemic control amongst female diabetics with chest pain and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):22.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1222_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2356","volume":"42","author":"C Sardu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sardu C, Paolisso P, Sacra C, Mauro C, Minicucci F, Portoghese M, Rizzo MR, Barbieri M, Sasso FC, D\u2019Onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Calabr\u00f2 P, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Effects of metformin therapy on coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with prediabetes with stable angina and nonobstructive coronary artery stenosis: The CODYCE Multicenter Prospective Study. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(10):1946\u201355.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1222_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.112.974998","volume":"5","author":"I Eitel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eitel I, Hintze S, de Waha S, Fuernau G, Lurz P, Desch S, Schuler G, Thiele H. Prognostic impact of hyperglycemia in nondiabetic and diabetic patients With ST-elevation myocardial infarction: insights from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5:708\u201318.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1222_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01075-8","volume":"19","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Liu K, Meng S, Jia R, Lei X, Chen M, Zou K, Zhu H, Jin Z. Augmented glycaemic gap is a marker for an increased risk of post-infarct left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:101.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1222_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1849","volume":"63","author":"J Lonborg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lonborg J, Vejlstrup N, Kelbaek H, Nepper-Christensen L, Jorgensen E, Helqvist S, Holmvang L, Saunamaki K, Botker HE, Kim WY, Clemmensen P, Treiman M, Engstrom T. Impact of acute hyperglycemia on myocardial infarct size, area at risk, and salvage in patients With STEMI and the association with exenatide treatment: results from a randomized study. Diabetes. 2014;63:2474\u201385.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1222_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.01.001","volume":"88","author":"I Cruz-Gonzalez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Gonzalez I, Chia S, Raffel OC, Sanchez-Ledesma M, Senatore F, Wackers FJ, Nathan DM, Jang I-K. Hyperglycemia on admission predicts larger infarct size in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;88:97\u2013102.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"23","key":"1222_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp328","volume":"30","author":"H Baccouche","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baccouche H, Mahrholdt H, Meinhardt G, Merher R, Voehringer M, Hill S, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Yilmaz A. Diagnostic synergy of non-invasive cardiovascular magnetic resonance and invasive endomyocardial biopsy in troponin-positive patients without coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(23):2869\u201379.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1222_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2012.02567.x","volume":"273","author":"O Collste","year":"2013","unstructured":"Collste O, S\u00f6rensson P, Frick M, Agewall S, Daniel M, Henareh L, Ekenb\u00e4ck C, Eurenius L, Guiron C, Jernberg T, Hofman-Bang C, Malmqvist K, Nagy E, Arheden H, Tornvall P. Myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteries is common and associated with normal findings on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: results from the Stockholm Myocardial Infarction with Normal Coronaries study. J Intern Med. 2013;273(2):189\u201396.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1222_CR46","first-page":"1303","volume":"22","author":"N Kosmas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosmas N, Manolis AS, Dagres N, Iliodromitis EK. Myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome with non-obstructive coronary arteries and sudden cardiac death: a missing connection. EP Eur. 2020;22:1303\u201310.","journal-title":"EP Eur"},{"key":"1222_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23116","volume":"42","author":"X Rossello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossello X, Bueno H, Pocock SJ, Van de Werf F, Danchin N, Annemans L, Medina J, Zeymer U. Predictors of all-cause mortality and ischemic events within and beyond 1 year after an acute coronary syndrome: Results from the EPICOR registry. Clin Cardiol. 2019;42:111\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"1222_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872617719638","volume":"8","author":"SJ Pocock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pocock SJ, Huo Y, Van de Werf F, Newsome S, Chin CT, Vega AM, Medina J, Bueno H. Predicting two-year mortality from discharge after acute coronary syndrome: An internationally-based risk score. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2019;8:727\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"key":"1222_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2011.641514","volume":"34","author":"K Turkmen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turkmen K, Guney I, Yerlikaya FH, Tonbul HZ. The relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and inflammation in end-stage renal disease patients. Ren Fail. 2012;34:155\u20139.","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"1222_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0946-6","volume":"18","author":"P Winzap","year":"2019","unstructured":"Winzap P, Davies A, Klingenberg R, Obeid S, Roffi M, Mach F, R\u00e4ber L, Windecker S, Templin C, Nietlispach F, Nanchen D, Gencer B, Muller O, Matter CM, von Eckardstein A, L\u00fcscher TF. Diabetes and baseline glucose are associated with inflammation, left ventricular function and short- and long-term outcome in acute coronary syndromes: role of the novel biomarker Cyr 61. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18:142.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1222_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"004185","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.004185","volume":"5","author":"C Pizzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pizzi C, Xhyheri B, Costa GM, Faustino M, Flacco ME, Gualano MR, Fragassi G, Grigioni F, Manzoli L. Nonobstructive Versus Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(12):004185.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T22:08:05Z","timestamp":1612303685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-021-01222-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-97961\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-97961\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Data were collected as part of an approved multicenter observational study called \u201cAMIPE: Acute Myocardial Infarction, Prognostic and Therapeutic Evaluation\u201d (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03883711). The present study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki; all patients were informed about their participation in the registry and provided informed consent for the anonymous publication of scientific data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33"}}