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Two weight measurements done at baseline and about 3\u00a0years later. Based on their weight change, they categorized into: &gt;\u20095% loss, 3\u20135% loss, stable (\u00b1\u2009&lt;\u20093%), 3\u20135% gain, &gt;\u20095% gain. Participants were then followed for incident CVD\/CHD annually up to 20 March 2018. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, educational level, current smoking, glucose-lowering drug use, family history of CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, chronic kidney disease, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of weight change categories for incident CVD\/CHD, considering stable weight as reference.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After the weight change measurement, during a median follow-up of 14.4\u00a0years, 258 CVD and 214 CHD occurred. Over 5% weight gain was associated with reduced risks of CVD and CHD development by the HRs of 0.70 [95% CI 0.48\u20131.01; P-value: 0.058] and 0.61 [0.40\u20130.93], respectively, in multivariable analysis. After further adjustment for FPG change, the HRs of weight gain\u2009&gt;\u20095% were attenuated to 0.75 [0.51\u20131.10; P-value: 0.138] and 0.66 [043\u20131.01; P-value: 0.053] for incident CVD and CHD, respectively. The effect of weight loss\u2009&gt;\u20095% was in opposite direction among those older versus younger than 60\u00a0years; with suggestive increased risk (not statistically significant) of incident CHD\/CVD for the older group. Moreover, weight gain\u2009&gt;\u20095% significantly reduced the risk of CHD only among those older than 60\u00a0years (P-value for interaction\u2009&lt;\u20090.2). Furthermore, weight gain\u2009&gt;\u20095% had an association with lower risk of CVD and CHD among sulfonylurea users (0.56 [0.32\u20130.98] for CVD and 0.54 [0.29\u20130.99] for CHD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results with a long-term follow-up showed that weight gain\u2009&gt;\u20095% was associated with better CVD\/CHD outcomes among Iranian participants with T2DM, especially older ones. Moreover, we did not find an unfavorable impact on incident CVD\/CHD for sulfonylurea-induced weight gain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01326-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1626087798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Weight change and risk of cardiovascular disease among adults with type 2 diabetes: more than 14\u00a0years of follow-up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Seyyed Saeed","family":"Moazzeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhane","family":"Hizomi Arani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloofar","family":"Deravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Hasheminia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davood","family":"Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereidoun","family":"Azizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8935-2744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Hadaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30179-2","volume":"7","author":"F Azizi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Hosseinpanah F, Mirmiran P, Amouzegar A, Abdi H, Asghari G, Parizadeh D, Montazeri SA, Lotfalian M, et al. 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