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Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for maintaining normal heart morphology and function, and its dysregulation can produce pathological effects on diabetic hearts. Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that exerts protective effects against metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 could ameliorate DM-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four weeks after the establishment of a model of type 1 diabetes in mice, the mice received Nrg4 treatment (with or without an autophagy inhibitor) for another 4 weeks. The cardiac functions, histological structures and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated. Autophagy-related protein levels along with related signalling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured primary cardiomyocytes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nrg4 alleviated myocardial injury both in vivo and in vitro. The autophagy level was decreased in type 1 diabetic mice, and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Furthermore, Nrg4 intervention was found to activate autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR signalling pathway. Moreover, when autophagy was suppressed or the AMPK\/mTOR pathway was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 were diminished.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nrg4 intervention attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy in type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01643-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T12:04:16Z","timestamp":1665489856000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Neuregulin-4 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR signalling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hongchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuli","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1643_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160491","volume":"131","author":"M Tate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tate M, Grieve DJ, Ritchie RH. 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