{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T20:18:46Z","timestamp":1793132326893,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Hjerteforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-R107-A6790-22002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-R107-A6790-22002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Hjerteforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-R107-A6819-22020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-R107-A6819-22020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007405","name":"Hjerteforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-R125-A8444-22110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-R125-A8444-22110"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the regional research committee of Region Zealand","award":["13\u2013000835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\u2013000835"]}]},{"name":"the regional research committee of Region Zealand","award":["13\u2013000849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13\u2013000849"]}]},{"name":"the local research committee at NSR hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diffuse myocardial fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction are suggested to underlie cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, but studies investigating their relative impact are lacking. We aimed to study imaging biomarkers of these and hypothesized that fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction would affect different phases of left ventricular (LV) diastole.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest and adenosine-stress and perfusion reserve (MPR), as well as extracellular volume fraction (ECV), were determined with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in 205 patients with type 2 diabetes and 25 controls. Diastolic parameters included echocardiography-determined lateral e\u2019 and average E\/e\u2019, and CMR-determined (rest and chronotropic-stress) LV early peak filling rate (ePFR), LV peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR), and left atrial (LA) volume changes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In multivariable analysis adjusted for possible confounders including each other (ECV for blood flow and vice versa), a 10% increase of ECV was independently associated with ePFR\/EDV (rest: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a04.0%, stress: \u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a07.9%), LA<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> \/BSA (rest: \u03b2\u2009=\u20094.8%, stress: \u03b2\u2009=\u20095.8%), and circumferential (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a04.1%) and radial PDSR (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.07%\/sec). A 10% stress MBF increase was associated with lateral e\u2032 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20091.4%) and average E\/e\u2019 (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a01.4%) and a 10% MPR increase to lateral e\u2032 (\u03b2\u2009=\u20092.7%), and average E\/e\u2019 (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u00a02.8%). For all the above, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05. No associations were found with longitudinal PDSR or left atrial total emptying fraction.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In patients with type 2 diabetes, imaging biomarkers of microvascular dysfunction and diffuse fibrosis impacts diastolic dysfunction independently of each other. Microvascular dysfunction primarily affects early left ventricular relaxation. Diffuse fibrosis primarily affects diastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>. Unique identifier: NCT02684331. Date of registration: February 18, 2016.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1680278576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The independent association of myocardial extracellular volume and myocardial blood flow with cardiac diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cross-sectional cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02684331","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Annemie S.","family":"Bojer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stine H.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Plein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"G\u00e6de","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per L.","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311586","volume":"122","author":"G Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia G, Hill MA, Sowers JR. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: an update of mechanisms contributing to this clinical entity. Circ Res. 2018;122(4):624\u201338.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1804_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.083","volume":"221","author":"PG J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen PG, Jensen MT, Mogelvang R, Fritz-Hansen T, Galatius S, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, et al. Impact of type 2 diabetes and duration of type 2 diabetes on cardiac structure and function. Int J Cardiol. 2016;221:114\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1804_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.003","volume":"55","author":"AM From","year":"2010","unstructured":"From AM, Scott CG, Chen HH. The development of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction a population-based study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(4):300\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1804_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2579-0","volume":"55","author":"LJ Boonman-de Winter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boonman-de Winter LJ, Rutten FH, Cramer MJ, Landman MJ, Liem AH, Rutten GE, et al. High prevalence of previously unknown heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012;55(8):2154\u201362.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"22","key":"1804_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","volume":"373","author":"B Zinman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117\u201328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1804_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001963","volume":"8","author":"A Biernacka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Biernacka A, Cavalera M, Wang J, Russo I, Shinde A, Kong P, et al. Smad3 signaling promotes fibrosis while preserving cardiac and aortic geometry in obese diabetic mice. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8(4):788\u201398.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.728550","volume":"117","author":"L van Heerebeek","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Heerebeek L, Hamdani N, Handoko ML, Falcao-Pires I, Musters RJ, Kupreishvili K, et al. Diastolic stiffness of the failing diabetic heart: importance of fibrosis, advanced glycation end products, and myocyte resting tension. Circulation. 2008;117(1):43\u201351.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"1804_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25268","volume":"44","author":"M Zeng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zeng M, Zhang N, He Y, Wen Z, Wang Z, Zhao Y, et al. Histological validation of cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping for detecting diffuse myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rabbits. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;44(5):1179\u201385.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00610-6","volume":"22","author":"J Schulz-Menger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA, Bremerich J, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, et al. Standardized image interpretation and post-processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance - 2020 update\u202f: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR): board of Trustees Task Force on Standardized Post-Processing. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2020;22(1):19.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"12","key":"1804_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeu142","volume":"15","author":"AM Larghat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Larghat AM, Swoboda PP, Biglands JD, Kearney MT, Greenwood JP, Plein S. The microvascular effects of insulin resistance and diabetes on cardiac structure, function, and perfusion: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;15(12):1368\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1804_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.07.013","volume":"320","author":"L Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang L, Wang J, Liu X, Li ZL, Xia CC, Xie LJ, et al. The combined effects of cardiac geometry, microcirculation, and tissue characteristics on cardiac systolic and diastolic function in subclinical diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2020;320:112\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1804_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2172","volume":"43","author":"MH S\u00f8rensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen MH, Bojer AS, Pontoppidan JRN, Broadbent DA, Plein S, Madsen PL, et al. Reduced myocardial perfusion reserve in type 2 diabetes is caused by increased perfusion at rest and decreased maximal perfusion during stress. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(6):1285\u201392.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1804_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.07.004","volume":"8","author":"FA Flachskampf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flachskampf FA, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, Solomon SD, Duvernoy O, Bjerner T, Smiseth OA. Cardiac imaging to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(9):1071\u201393.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01160-y","volume":"19","author":"AS Bojer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bojer AS, S\u00f8rensen MH, Vejlstrup N, Goetze JP, G\u00e6de P, Madsen PL. Distinct non-ischemic myocardial late gadolinium enhancement lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):184.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1804_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez266","volume":"21","author":"MH S\u00f8rensen","year":"2020","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen MH, Bojer AS, Broadbent DA, Plein S, Madsen PL, G\u00e6de P. Cardiac perfusion, structure, and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic complications. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;21(8):887\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"1804_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.57.3.549","volume":"57","author":"FL Gobel","year":"1978","unstructured":"Gobel FL, Norstrom LA, Nelson RR, Jorgensen CR, Wang Y. The rate-pressure product as an index of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation. 1978;57(3):549\u201356.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"1804_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00365.2012","volume":"303","author":"KA Ahtarovski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahtarovski KA, Iversen KK, Lonborg JT, Madsen PL, Engstrom T, Vejlstrup N. Left atrial and ventricular function during dobutamine and glycopyrrolate stress in healthy young and elderly as evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;303(12):H1469\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0389-8","volume":"19","author":"DR Messroghli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19(1):75.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-92","volume":"15","author":"JC Moon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon JC, Messroghli DR, Kellman P, Piechnik SK, Robson MD, Ugander M, et al. Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: a Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and CMR Working Group of the European Society of Cardiology consensus statement. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15(1):92.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"1804_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.10.031","volume":"86","author":"S Bohnen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bohnen S, Radunski UK, Lund GK, Tahir E, Avanesov M, Stehning C, et al. T1 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to detect myocarditis-Impact of slice orientation on the diagnostic performance. Eur J Radiol. 2017;86:6\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0371-5","volume":"19","author":"C Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roy C, Slimani A, de Meester C, Amzulescu M, Pasquet A, Vancraeynest D, et al. Age and sex corrected normal reference values of T1, T2 T2* and ECV in healthy subjects at 3T CMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2017;19(1):72.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"12","key":"1804_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew082","volume":"17","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF 3rd, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the american society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17(12):1321\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1804_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex252","volume":"19","author":"JG Almeida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almeida JG, Fontes-Carvalho R, Sampaio F, Ribeiro J, Bettencourt P, Flachskampf FA, et al. Impact of the 2016 ASE\/EACVI recommendations on the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction in the general population. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(4):380\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002530","volume":"5","author":"OF Sharifov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharifov OF, Schiros CG, Aban I, Denney TS, Gupta H. Diagnostic accuracy of tissue doppler index E\/e\u2019 for evaluating left ventricular filling pressure and diastolic dysfunction\/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(1): e002530.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1804_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey164","volume":"20","author":"PG J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen PG, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, Mogelvang R, Fritz-Hansen T, Vilsb\u00f8ll T, Rossing P, et al. Predictive value of echocardiography in Type 2 diabetes. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;20(6):687\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"1804_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11071282","volume":"11","author":"AS Bojer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bojer AS, Soerensen MH, Gaede P, Myerson S, Madsen PL. Left ventricular diastolic function studied with magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review of techniques and relation to established measures of diastolic function. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(7):1282.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"issue":"3","key":"1804_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1080\/10976640600572889","volume":"8","author":"AM Maceira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maceira AM, Prasad SK, Khan M, Pennell DJ. Normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2006;8(3):417\u201326.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"10","key":"1804_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp035","volume":"169","author":"H-Y Weng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weng H-Y, Hsueh Y-H, Messam LLM, Hertz-Picciotto I. Methods of covariate selection: directed acyclic graphs and the change-in-estimate procedure. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(10):1182\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1804_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(80)90379-8","volume":"99","author":"SM Factor","year":"1980","unstructured":"Factor SM, Minase T, Sonnenblick EH. Clinical and morphological features of human hypertensive-diabetic cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J. 1980;99(4):446\u201358.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1804_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198002143020706","volume":"302","author":"SM Factor","year":"1980","unstructured":"Factor SM, Okun EM, Minase T. Capillary microaneurysms in the human diabetic heart. N Engl J Med. 1980;302(7):384\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1804_CR31","first-page":"217","volume":"88","author":"TJ Regan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Regan TJ, Ahmed SS, Levinson GE, Oldewurtel HA, Ahmad MR, Haider B, et al. Cardiomyopathy and regional scar in diabetes mellitus. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1975;88:217\u201323.","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"issue":"24","key":"1804_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022194","volume":"133","author":"CC Low Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Low Wang CC, Hess CN, Hiatt WR, Goldfine AB. Clinical update: cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus\u2014mechanisms, management, and clinical considerations. Circulation. 2016;133(24):2459\u2013502.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"27","key":"1804_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv134","volume":"36","author":"PM Seferovi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seferovi\u0107 PM, Paulus WJ. Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(27):1718\u201327.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1804_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2109","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00157.2009","volume":"297","author":"S Ares-Carrasco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ares-Carrasco S, Picatoste B, Benito-Mart\u00edn A, Zubiri I, Sanz AB, S\u00e1nchez-Ni\u00f1o MD, et al. Myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, but not inflammation, are present in long-term experimental diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297(6):H2109\u201319.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1804_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2495-3","volume":"55","author":"K Huynh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huynh K, Kiriazis H, Du XJ, Love JE, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Forbes JM, et al. Coenzyme Q10 attenuates diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in the db\/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012;55(5):1544\u201353.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"1804_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0398-x","volume":"49","author":"V Dounis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dounis V, Siegmund T, Hansen A, Jensen J, Schumm-Draeger PM, von Bibra H. Global myocardial perfusion and diastolic function are impaired to a similar extent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in patients with coronary artery disease\u2013evaluation by contrast echocardiography and pulsed tissue Doppler. Diabetologia. 2006;49(11):2729\u201340.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1804_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0782-0","volume":"17","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Yang ZG, Gao Y, Xie LJ, Jiang L, Hu BY, et al. Left ventricular subclinical myocardial dysfunction in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired myocardial perfusion: a contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):139.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1804_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.07.004","volume":"8","author":"FA Flachskampf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Flachskampf FA, Biering-Sorensen T, Solomon SD, Duvernoy O, Bjerner T, Smiseth OA. Cardiac imaging to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(9):1071\u201393.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"1804_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009476","volume":"12","author":"MT Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen MT, Fung K, Aung N, Sanghvi MM, Chadalavada S, Paiva JM, et al. Changes in cardiac morphology and function in individuals with diabetes mellitus: the UK Biobank cardiovascular magnetic resonance substudy. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12(9): e009476.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"1804_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.12.022","volume":"12","author":"T Kotecha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kotecha T, Martinez-Naharro A, Boldrini M, Knight D, Hawkins P, Kalra S, et al. Automated pixel-wise quantitative myocardial perfusion mapping by CMR to detect obstructive coronary artery disease and coronary microvascular dysfunction: validation against invasive coronary physiology. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12(10):1958\u201369.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"1804_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001030","author":"M Gulati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, Amsterdam E, Bhatt DL, Birtcher KK, et al. AHA\/ACC\/ASE\/CHEST\/SAEM\/SCCT\/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: executive summary: a report of the American college of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001030.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1804_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab220","author":"TH Marwick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marwick TH, Gimelli A, Plein S, Bax JJ, Charron P, Delgado V, et al. Multimodality imaging approach to left ventricular dysfunction in diabetes: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab220.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T16:04:15Z","timestamp":1680278655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01804-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by The Zealand Ethics Committee (SJ-490), Denmark. All patients gave written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent to images publication was given.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"78"}}