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The TyG index was calculated as Ln [fasting triglycerides (mg\/dL)\u2009\u00d7\u2009fasting glucose (mg\/dL)\/2]. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the associations\u00a0between\u00a0TyG index and mortality . Non-linear correlations and threshold effects were explored using restricted cubic splines and a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over a median follow-up of 107\u00a0months, 1201 all-cause deaths occurred, including 398 cardiovascular disease-related deaths. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed a positive association between the TyG index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Each one-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 16% risk increase in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.03, 1.31,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.017) and a 39% risk increase in cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.14, 1.71,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) after adjusting for confounders. The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the TyG index and all-cause (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for nonlinear\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cardiovascular mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      for nonlinear\u2009=\u20090.044), identifying threshold values (all-cause mortality: 9.104; cardiovascular mortality: 8.758). A TyG index below these thresholds displayed a negative association with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.38, 0.90,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) but not with cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.39, 95% CI 0.12, 1.27,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.119). Conversely, a TyG index exceeding these thresholds was positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.17, 1.55,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; HR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.25, 1.90,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). Notably, a higher TyG index (\u2265\u2009threshold values) was significantly associated with increased mortality only among individuals aged under 55 compared to those with a lower TyG index (&lt;\u2009threshold values).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TyG index demonstrated a U-shaped correlation with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with CMS. The thresholds of 9.104 and 8.758 for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, may be used as intervention targets to reduce the risk of premature death and cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02152-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T07:02:09Z","timestamp":1708758129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Association of the triglyceride-glucose index with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome: a national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Quanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeshen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zishun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","volume":"20","author":"MG Saklayen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saklayen MG. 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