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The study aimed to characterize the composition of nocturnal hypoxemic burden and to assess its association with micro- and macrovascular disease in patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis includes overnight oximetry from 1247 patients with T2D enrolled in the DIACORE (DIAbetes COhoRtE) study. Night-time spent below a peripheral oxygen saturation of 90% (T90) as well as T90 associated with non-specific drifts in oxygen saturation (T90<jats:sub>non\u2009\u2212\u2009specific<\/jats:sub>), T90 associated with acute oxygen desaturation (T90<jats:sub>desaturation<\/jats:sub>) and desaturation depths were assessed. Binary logistic regression analyses adjusted for known risk factors (age, sex, smoking status, waist-hip ratio, duration of T2D, HbA1c, pulse pressure, low-density lipoprotein, use of statins, and use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors) were used to assess the associations of such parameters of hypoxemic burden with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a manifestation of microvascular disease and a composite of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) reflecting macrovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with long T90 were significantly more often affected by CKD and CVD than patients with a lower hypoxemic burden (CKD 38% vs. 28%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; CVD 30% vs. 21%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Continuous T90<jats:sub>desaturation<\/jats:sub> and desaturation depth were associated with CKD (adjusted OR 1.01 per unit, 95% CI [1.00; 1.01], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008 and OR 1.30, 95% CI [1.06; 1.61], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013, respectively) independently of other known risk factors for CKD. For CVD there was a thresholdeffect, and only severly and very severly increased T90<jats:sub>non\u2212specific<\/jats:sub> was associated with CVD ([Q3;Q4] versus [Q1;Q2], adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI [1.12; 2.05], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) independently of other known risk factors for CVD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>While hypoxemic burden due to oxygen desaturations and the magnitude of desaturation depth were significantly associated with CKD, only severe hypoxemic burden due to non-specific drifts was associated with CVD. Specific types of hypoxemic burden may be related to micro- and macrovascular disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02289-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T16:01:35Z","timestamp":1717689695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nocturnal hypoxemic burden and micro- and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Driendl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Arzt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Zeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris M.","family":"Heid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802987","volume":"358","author":"A Patel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, Woodward M, et al. 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S.D., S.S., F.Z., I.M.H. and M.B. have nothing to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"195"}}