{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T08:21:11Z","timestamp":1793866871170,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province","award":["202101AY070001-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AY070001-030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T13:43:48Z","timestamp":1742391828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Association of atherogenic index of plasma trajectory with the incidence of cardiovascular disease over a 12-year follow-up: findings from the ELSA cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xicong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heshen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3617-6169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruiwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10440","key":"2677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00685-8","volume":"403","author":"Burden of disease scenarios","year":"2024","unstructured":"Burden of disease scenarios. For 204 countries and territories, 2022\u20132050: a forecasting analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2024;403(10440):2204\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.308903","volume":"121","author":"P Joseph","year":"2017","unstructured":"Joseph P, Leong D, McKee M, Anand SS, Schwalm JD, Teo K, Mente A, Yusuf S. Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease, part 1: the epidemiology and risk factors. Circ Res. 2017;121(6):677\u201394.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311849","volume":"121","author":"DP Leong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leong DP, Joseph PG, McKee M, Anand SS, Teo KK, Schwalm JD, Yusuf S. Reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease, part 2: prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2017;121(6):695\u2013710.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"8s","key":"2677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2024.04.017","volume":"40","author":"LR Brunham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brunham LR, Lonn E, Mehta SR. Dyslipidemia and the current state of cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, risk factors, and effect of lipid Lowering. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40(8s):S4\u201312.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2677_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00541-4","volume":"18","author":"A Pirillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pirillo A, Casula M, Olmastroni E, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Global epidemiology of dyslipidaemias. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(10):689\u2013700.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Itc81","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202306200","volume":"176","author":"M Arvanitis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arvanitis M, Lowenstein CJ. Dyslipidemia. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(6):Itc81\u201396.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"39","key":"2677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw272","volume":"37","author":"AL Catapano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, Hoes AW, Jennings CS, Landmesser U, Pedersen TR, et al. 2016 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(39):2999\u20133058.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.05.003","volume":"58","author":"CS Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park CS, Yang HM, Han K, Lee HS, Kang J, Han JK, Park KW, Kang HJ, Koo BK, Kim HS. J-shaped association between LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular events: a longitudinal primary prevention cohort of over 2.4 million people nationwide. J Adv Res. 2024;58:139\u201347.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2677_CR9","first-page":"152","volume":"46","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M, Frohlich J. The new atherogenic plasma index reflects the triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol ratio, the lipoprotein particle size and the cholesterol esterification rate: changes during lipanor therapy. Vnitr Lek. 2000;46(3):152\u20136.","journal-title":"Vnitr Lek"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01522-8","volume":"21","author":"SH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim SH, Cho YK, Kim YJ, Jung CH, Lee WJ, Park JY, Huh JH, Kang JG, Lee SJ, Ihm SH. Association of the atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular risk beyond the traditional risk factors: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):81.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02375-z","volume":"23","author":"H Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng H, Huang Z, Wu K, Wu W, Wang X, Fu P, Wang Y, Chen Z, Cai Z, Cai Z, et al. Association between the atherogenic index of plasma trajectory and risk of heart failure among hypertensive patients: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):301.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02044-7","volume":"22","author":"H Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng H, Wu K, Wu W, Chen G, Chen Z, Cai Z, Cai Z, Lan Y, Wu S, Chen Y. Relationship between the cumulative exposure to atherogenic index of plasma and ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):313.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01670-6","volume":"21","author":"F Hang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hang F, Chen J, Wang Z, Zheng K, Wu Y. Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and major adverse cardiovascular events among non-diabetic hypertensive older adults. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):62.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02198-y","volume":"23","author":"M Rabiee Rad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rabiee Rad M, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Darouei B, Amani-Beni R. The association of atherogenic index of plasma with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):119.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02370-4","volume":"23","author":"FF You","year":"2024","unstructured":"You FF, Gao J, Gao YN, Li ZH, Shen D, Zhong WF, Yang J, Wang XM, Song WQ, Yan H, et al. Association between atherogenic index of plasma and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality: a nationwide population\u2013based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):276.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02532-4","volume":"23","author":"S Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu S, Gao Y, Liu W, Wang R, Ma Q, Sun J, Han W, Jia S, Du Y, Zhao Z, et al. The relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and plaque vulnerabilities: an optical coherence tomography study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):442.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2677_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P011668","volume":"52","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M, Frohlich J, Sedov\u00e1 M, Cheung MC, Brown BG. Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography. J Lipid Res. 2011;52(3):566\u201371.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01732-9","volume":"21","author":"M Mahdavi-Roshan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahdavi-Roshan M, Mozafarihashjin M, Shoaibinobarian N, Ghorbani Z, Salari A, Savarrakhsh A, Hekmatdoost A. Evaluating the use of novel atherogenicity indices and insulin resistance surrogate markers in predicting the risk of coronary artery disease: a case\u2013control investigation with comparison to traditional biomarkers. Lipids Health Dis. 2022;21(1):126.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2677_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.223","volume":"8","author":"BJ Arsenault","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arsenault BJ, Boekholdt SM, Kastelein JJ. Lipid parameters for measuring risk of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8(4):197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081122-012416","volume":"20","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagin DS, Jones BL, Elmer J. Recent advances in group-based trajectory modeling for clinical research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2024;20(1):285\u2013305.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02144-y","volume":"23","author":"Q Min","year":"2024","unstructured":"Min Q, Wu Z, Yao J, Wang S, Duan L, Liu S, Zhang M, Luo Y, Ye D, Huang Y, et al. Association between atherogenic index of plasma control level and incident cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals with abnormal glucose metabolism. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):54.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys168","volume":"42","author":"A Steptoe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steptoe A, Breeze E, Banks J, Nazroo J. Cohort profile: the english longitudinal study of ageing. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(6):1640\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2677_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-024-01038-2","volume":"15","author":"L He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He L, Yang J, Lin S, Shi K, Fang Y. Frailty detection with routine blood tests using data from the english longitudinal study of ageing (ELSA). Eur Geriatr Med. 2024;15(5):1347\u201355.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2677_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.02.005","volume":"4","author":"A Onat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Onat A, Can G, Kaya H, Hergen\u00e7 G. Atherogenic index of plasma (log10 triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events. J Clin Lipidol. 2010;4(2):89\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2677_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.11.027","volume":"227","author":"AL Carr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carr AL, Massou E, Kelly MP, Ford JA. Mediating pathways that link adverse childhood experiences with cardiovascular disease. Public Health. 2024;227:78\u201385.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2677_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad885","volume":"45","author":"D He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He D, Wang Z, Li J, Yu K, He Y, He X, Liu Y, Li Y, Fu R, Zhou D, et al. Changes in frailty and incident cardiovascular disease in three prospective cohorts. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(12):1058\u201368.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02569-5","volume":"24","author":"R Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang R, Hong J, Wu Y, Lin L, Chen S, Xiao Y. Joint association of triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and a body shape index (ABSI) with stroke incidence: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24(1):7.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-024-02867-8","volume":"36","author":"GY Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng GY, Li JX, Li GS, Liu J, Gao X, Yan GQ, Yang N, Huang T, Zhou HF. Association between frailty status and risk of chronic lung disease: an analysis based on two National prospective cohorts. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024;36(1):215.","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2677_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002543","volume":"15","author":"GA Aguayo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aguayo GA, Vaillant MT, Donneau AF, Schritz A, Stranges S, Malisoux L, Chioti A, Guillaume M, Muller M, Witte DR. Comparative analysis of the association between 35 frailty scores and cardiovascular events, cancer, and total mortality in an elderly general population in England: an observational study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(3):e1002543.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"38","key":"2677_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, Christodorescu RM, Daskalopoulou SS, Ferro CJ, Gerdts E, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912\u20134018.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2677_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0303306","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0303306","volume":"19","author":"P Zaninotto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zaninotto P, Steptoe A, Shim EJ. CVD incidence and mortality among people with diabetes and\/or hypertension: results from the english longitudinal study of ageing. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5):e0303306.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16753","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35073-4","volume":"8","author":"Y Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park Y, Kim NH, Kwon TY, Kim SG. A novel adiposity index as an integrated predictor of cardiometabolic disease morbidity and mortality. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):16753.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-017-0066-x","volume":"72","author":"MK Edwards","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Physical activity and diet on atherogenic index of plasma among adults in the united States: mediation considerations by central adiposity. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(6):826\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2677_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2020-215539","volume":"75","author":"F Bu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bu F, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Relationship between loneliness, social isolation and modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a latent class analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021;75(8):749\u201354.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02350-8","volume":"23","author":"Z Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Z, Zhang L, Wang L, Li K, Fan F, Jia J, Li J, Zhang Y. The predictive value of cumulative atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) for cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective community-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):264.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2677_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113503141","volume":"42","author":"BL Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones BL, Nagin DS. A note on a Stata plugin for estimating group-based trajectory models. Sociol Methods Res. 2012;42:608\u201313.","journal-title":"Sociol Methods Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02002-3","volume":"22","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Chen S, Lin C, Huang X, Lin S, Huang F, Zhu P. Association of triglyceride-glucose index trajectory and frailty in urban older residents: evidence from the 10-year follow-up in a cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):264.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02003-5","volume":"23","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Liu C, Peng Y, Fang Q, Wei X, Zhang C, Sun L, Hu Z, Hong J, Gu W, et al. Impact of baseline and trajectory of the atherogenic index of plasma on incident diabetic kidney disease and retinopathy in participants with type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):11.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02589-9","volume":"24","author":"G Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng G, Jin J, Wang F, Zheng Q, Shao J, Yao J, Huang P, Zhou H, Zhou J. Association between atherogenic index of plasma and future risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0\u20133: a nationwide prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025;24(1):22.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-023-00542-y","volume":"21","author":"DW Chun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chun DW, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Lee JW. Longitudinal trajectories of atherogenic index of plasma and risks of cardiovascular diseases: results from the Korean genome and epidemiology study. Thromb J. 2023;21(1):99.","journal-title":"Thromb J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025581","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025581","volume":"12","author":"I Acquah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Acquah I, Hagan K, Javed Z, Taha MB, Valero-Elizondo J, Nwana N, Yahya T, Sharma G, Gulati M, Hammoud A, et al. Social determinants of cardiovascular risk, subclinical cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular events. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(6):e025581.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2677_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107424842311895","DOI":"10.1177\/10742484231189597","volume":"28","author":"Y Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo Y, Peng D. Residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: focus on non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2023;28:10742484231189597.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"39","key":"2677_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3935","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad671","volume":"44","author":"F Crea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crea F. Residual lipidic risk beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: new challenges and opportunities. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):3935\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2677_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lioy B, Webb RJ, Amirabdollahian F. The association between the atherogenic index of plasma and cardiometabolic risk factors: a review. Healthc 2023, 11(7).","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11070966"},{"issue":"7","key":"2677_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(01)00263-6","volume":"34","author":"M Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dobi\u00e1sov\u00e1 M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG\/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem. 2001;34(7):583\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"2677_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.11.2713","volume":"17","author":"RS Gray","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gray RS, Robbins DC, Wang W, Yeh JL, Fabsitz RR, Cowan LD, Welty TK, Lee ET, Krauss RM, Howard BV. Relation of LDL size to the insulin resistance syndrome and coronary heart disease in American indians. The strong heart study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17(11):2713\u201320.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2677_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02877-2","volume":"22","author":"L Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong L, Han Y, Deng C, Chen A. Correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and coronary artery disease in males of different ages: a retrospective study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022;22(1):440.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"2677_CR48","first-page":"464","volume":"18","author":"Q Shang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shang Q, Wu Z, Lei L, et al. Epidemiological survey of dyslipidemia among residents of Shenzhen, 2015. China Trop Med. 2018;18(5):464\u20138.","journal-title":"China Trop Med"},{"key":"2677_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, Braun LT, de Ferranti S, Faiella-Tommasino J, Forman DE et al. 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the american college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 2019, 139(25):e1046-e1081.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000624"},{"issue":"30","key":"2677_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac148","volume":"43","author":"SP Whelton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whelton SP, Post WS. Importance of traditional cardiovascular risk factors for identifying high-risk persons in early adulthood. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(30):2901\u20133.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2677_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","volume":"117","author":"RB D\u2019Agostino","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino RB, Sr., Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, Kannel WB. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham heart study. Circulation. 2008;117(6):743\u201353.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2677_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i2416","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2416","volume":"353","author":"JA Damen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damen JA, Hooft L, Schuit E, Debray TP, Collins GS, Tzoulaki I, Lassale CM, Siontis GC, Chiocchia V, Roberts C, et al. Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review. BMJ. 2016;353:i2416.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10279","key":"2677_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00272-5","volume":"397","author":"GA Figtree","year":"2021","unstructured":"Figtree GA, Vernon ST, Hadziosmanovic N, Sundstr\u00f6m J, Alfredsson J, Arnott C, Delatour V, Le\u00f3sd\u00f3ttir M, Hagstr\u00f6m E. Mortality in STEMI patients without standard modifiable risk factors: a sex-disaggregated analysis of SWEDEHEART registry data. Lancet. 2021;397(10279):1085\u201394.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2677_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.04.060","volume":"84","author":"J Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu J, Giles C, Dakic A, Beyene HB, Huynh K, Wang T, Meikle T, Olshansky G, Salim A, Duong T, et al. Lipidomic risk score to enhance cardiovascular risk stratification for primary prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(5):434\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2677_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.477","volume":"293","author":"R Bugiardini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bugiardini R, Bairey Merz CN. Angina with normal coronary arteries: a changing philosophy. JAMA. 2005;293(4):477\u201384.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2677_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612","volume":"42","author":"G Hindricks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomstr\u00f6m-Lundqvist C, Boriani G, Castella M, Dan GA, Dilaveris PE, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European association for Cardio-Thoracic surgery (EACTS): the task force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European society of cardiology (ESC) developed with the special contribution of the European heart rhythm association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373\u2013498.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T20:38:49Z","timestamp":1742416729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02677-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study adhered to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent, and ELSA was approved by the London Multicenter Research Ethics Committee (MREC\/01\/2\/91). This study was exempted from review by the Institutional Review Board of the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Chinese People\u2019s Liberation Army (PLA), as it involved the use of de-identified, open-access data, which does not constitute human subject research.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"124"}}