{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1792816258348,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T05:23:35Z","timestamp":1752297815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of number needed to treat, efficacy and safety"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ansel Shao Pin","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan Teng Yuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheena Kar Shuan","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Quek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevieve","family":"Shek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farisah","family":"Sulaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai En","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vickram Vijay","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue-Anne","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Muthiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios K.","family":"Dimitriadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carel W.","family":"le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark Yan-Yee","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamas Andreas","family":"Mamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yip Han","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas W. S.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2840_CR1","unstructured":"Federation WH. Deaths from cardiovascular disease surged 60% globally over the last 30 years: Report: World Heart Federation; [updated 23\/05\/2023; cited 2024 15\/10\/2024]. Available from: https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/news\/deaths-from-cardiovascular-disease-surged-60-globally-over-the-last-30-years-report\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.11.009","volume":"66","author":"RC Woodruff","year":"2024","unstructured":"Woodruff RC, Tong X, Khan SS, Shah NS, Jackson SL, Loustalot F, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality rates and excess deaths, 2010\u20132022. Am J Prev Med. 2024;66(4):582\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"2840_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.005","volume":"80","author":"M Vaduganathan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vaduganathan M, Mensah George A, Turco Justine V, Fuster V, Roth GA. The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(25):2361\u201371.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR4","volume":"16","author":"C Nebuwa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nebuwa C, Omoike OJ, Fagbenro A, Uwumiro F, Erhus E, Okpujie V, et al. Rising cardiovascular mortality despite increased resource utilization: insights from the nationwide inpatient sample database. Cureus. 2024;16(4): e57856.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2840_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281","author":"B Chong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: projections from 2025 to 2050. Eur J Prevent Cardiol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281.","journal-title":"Eur J Prevent Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2840_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14820","volume":"24","author":"NW Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chew NW, Figtree GA, Kong G, Vernon S, Muthiah M, Ng CH, et al. Hepatic steatosis and advanced fibrosis are independent predictors of mortality in acute myocardial infarction without standard modifiable risk factors. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(12):2454\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02025-6","volume":"26","author":"EC Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee EC, Anand VV, Razavi AC, Alebna PL, Muthiah MD, Siddiqui MS, et al. The global epidemic of metabolic fatty liver disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2024;26(4):199\u2013210.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0096","volume":"28","author":"CH Ng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ng CH, Chan KE, Chin YH, Zeng RW, Tsai PC, Lim WH, et al. The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2022;28(3):565.","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-022-10319-6","volume":"16","author":"JN Yong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yong JN, Ng CH, Lee CW-M, Chan YY, Tang ASP, Teng M, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease association with structural heart, systolic and diastolic dysfunction: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2022;16(2):269\u201381.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"17","key":"2840_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038868","volume":"139","author":"TA Zelniker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zelniker TA, Wiviott SD, Raz I, Im K, Goodrich EL, Furtado RHM, et al. Comparison of the effects of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2019;139(17):2022\u201331.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.070535","volume":"151","author":"NWS Chew","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chew NWS, Mehta A, Goh RSJ, Zhang A, Chen Y, Chong B, et al. Cardiovascular-liver-metabolic health: recommendations in screening, diagnosis, and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in cardiovascular disease via modified Delphi approach. Circulation. 2025;151(1):98\u2013119.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01429-8","volume":"48","author":"MT Kueh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kueh MT, Chew NW, Al-Ozairi E, le Roux CW. The emergence of obesity in type 1 diabetes. Int J Obes. 2024;48(3):289\u2013301.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"24","key":"2840_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307563","volume":"389","author":"AM Lincoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lincoff AM, Brown-Frandsen K, Colhoun HM, Deanfield J, Emerson SS, Esbjerg S, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(24):2221\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2840_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2024.118626","volume":"399","author":"J Heaton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heaton J, Alshami A, Imburgio S, Upadhyaya V, Saybolt M, Apolito R, et al. Comparison of pooled cohort equation and PREVENT\u2122 risk calculator for statin treatment allocation. Atherosclerosis. 2024;399: 118626.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.25115","volume":"331","author":"H Larkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larkin H. What to know about PREVENT, the AHA\u2019s new cardiovascular disease risk calculator. JAMA. 2024;331(4):277\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2840_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015159","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.122.015159","volume":"16","author":"B Chong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Ruban J, Goh R, Chin YH, Kong G, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue assessed by computed tomography and echocardiography are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(5):e015159.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"2840_CR18","first-page":"1779","volume":"38","author":"NW Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chew NW, Ng CH, Chan KE, Chee D, Syn N, Tamaki N, et al. FIB-4 predicts MACE and cardiovascular mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Cardiol. 2022;38(11):1779\u201380.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"2840_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100803","volume":"37","author":"NW Chew","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chew NW, Chong B, Kuo SM, Jayabaskaran J, Cai M, Zheng H, et al. Trends and predictions of metabolic risk factors for acute myocardial infarction: findings from a multiethnic nationwide cohort. The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific. 2023;37:100803.","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health-Western Pacific."},{"issue":"9","key":"2840_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001168","volume":"148","author":"SS Virani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, Bittner V, Brewer LC, Demeter SH, et al. 2023 AHA\/ACC\/ACCP\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: a report of the American heart association\/American college of cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2023;148(9):e9\u2013119.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"36","key":"2840_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, B\u00f6hm M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599\u2013726.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"39","key":"2840_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad192","volume":"44","author":"N Marx","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marx N, Federici M, Sch\u00fctt K, M\u00fcller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(39):4043\u2013140.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2840_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01183-5","volume":"20","author":"D Giugliano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giugliano D, Scappaticcio L, Longo M, Caruso P, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis of eight CVOTs. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30412-6","volume":"6","author":"MA Bethel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bethel MA, Patel RA, Merrill P, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, Mentz RJ, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(2):105\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2840_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14707","volume":"24","author":"AR Leite","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leite AR, Ang\u00e9lico-Gon\u00e7alves A, Vasques-N\u00f3voa F, Borges-Canha M, Leite-Moreira A, Neves JS, et al. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular events in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(8):1676\u201380.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2840_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2024.100679","volume":"18","author":"FB Rivera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rivera FB, Cruz LLA, Magalong JV, Ruyeras JMMJ, Aparece JP, Bantayan NRB, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists among patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Am J Prevent Cardiol. 2024;18: 100679.","journal-title":"Am J Prevent Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2840_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.087.022","volume":"87","author":"RC Paule","year":"1982","unstructured":"Paule RC, Mandel J. Consensus values and weighting factors. J Res Natl Bur Stand. 1982;87(5):377.","journal-title":"J Res Natl Bur Stand"},{"issue":"7414","key":"2840_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2840_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003107347","volume-title":"Doing meta-analysis with R: A hands-on guide","author":"M Harrer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Furukawa T, Ebert D. Doing meta-analysis with R: A hands-on guide. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall\/CRC; 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"2840_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1460","volume":"11","author":"F Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber F, Knapp G, Ickstadt K, Kundt G, Glass \u00c4. Zero-cell corrections in random-effects meta-analyses. Res Synth Methods. 2020;11(6):913\u20139.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2840_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG, Group CSM. Analysing data and undertaking meta\u2010analyses. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 2019;241\u201384.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch10"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR32","first-page":"196","volume":"13","author":"C Tufanaru","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Stephenson M, Aromataris E. Fixed or random effects meta-analysis? Common methodological issues in systematic reviews of effectiveness. JBI Evidence Implementation. 2015;13(3):196\u2013207.","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Implementation"},{"key":"2840_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-018-0802-x","volume":"53","author":"A Bell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bell A, Fairbrother M, Jones K. Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice. Qual Quant. 2019;53:1051\u201374.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"2840_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Sterne JA. Assessing risk of bias in a randomized trial. In: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 2019; pp 205\u201328.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch8"},{"key":"2840_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-25","volume":"14","author":"J IntHout","year":"2014","unstructured":"IntHout J, Ioannidis JP, Borm GF. The Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for random effects meta-analysis is straightforward and considerably outperforms the standard DerSimonian-Laird method. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7109","key":"2840_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7650","key":"2840_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01584-3","volume":"28","author":"CT Ruff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruff CT, Baron M, Im K, O\u2019Donoghue ML, Fiedorek FT, Sabatine MS. Subcutaneous infusion of exenatide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(1):89\u201395.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10193","key":"2840_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","volume":"394","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2019;394(10193):121\u201330.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"23","key":"2840_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","volume":"373","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, K\u00f8ber LV, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2840_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066604","volume":"149","author":"JB Green","year":"2024","unstructured":"Green JB, Everett BM, Ghosh A, Younes N, Krause-Steinrauf H, Barzilay J, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in GRADE (Glycemia reduction approaches in type 2 diabetes: a comparative effectiveness study). Circulation. 2024;149(13):993\u20131003.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"01","key":"2840_CR42","first-page":"008","volume":"17","author":"S Del Prato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Del Prato S, Kahn SE, Pavo I, Weerakkody GJ, Yang Z, Doupis J, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4). Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2022;17(01):008.","journal-title":"Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel."},{"issue":"12","key":"2840_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14522","volume":"23","author":"Y Pei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pei Y, Agner BR, Luo B, Dong X, Li D, Liu J, et al. DUAL II China: Superior HbA1c reductions and weight loss with insulin degludec\/liraglutide (IDegLira) versus insulin degludec in a randomized trial of Chinese people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(12):2687\u201396.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"2840_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13764","volume":"21","author":"JP Frias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frias JP, Wynne AG, Matyjaszek-Matuszek B, Bartaskova D, Cox DA, Woodward B, et al. Efficacy and safety of an expanded dulaglutide dose range: a phase 2, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(9):2048\u201357.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"2840_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13666","volume":"21","author":"A Philis-Tsimikas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Philis-Tsimikas A, Billings LK, Busch R, Portillo CM, Sahay R, Halladin N, et al. Superior efficacy of insulin degludec\/liraglutide versus insulin glargine U100 as add-on to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor therapy: a randomized clinical trial in people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(6):1399\u2013408.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13082","volume":"20","author":"Y Seino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seino Y, Terauchi Y, Osonoi T, Yabe D, Abe N, Nishida T, et al. Safety and efficacy of semaglutide once weekly vs sitagliptin once daily, both as monotherapy in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(2):378\u201388.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"2840_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0680","volume":"41","author":"SA Jabbour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jabbour SA, Frias JP, Hardy E, Ahmed A, Wang H, \u00d6hman P, et al. Safety and efficacy of exenatide once weekly plus dapagliflozin once daily versus exenatide or dapagliflozin alone in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: 52-week results of the DURATION-8 randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(10):2136\u201346.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10077","key":"2840_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30069-7","volume":"389","author":"CW Le Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Roux CW, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Lau DC, Van Gaal L, et al. 3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial. The Lancet. 2017;389(10077):1399\u2013409.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"2840_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12540","volume":"17","author":"E Araki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Araki E, Inagaki N, Tanizawa Y, Oura T, Takeuchi M, Imaoka T. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide in combination with sulphonylurea and\/or biguanide compared with once-daily insulin glargine in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, open-label, phase III, non-inferiority study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2015;17(10):994\u20131002.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"2840_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70174-3","volume":"2","author":"SC Gough","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gough SC, Bode B, Woo V, Rodbard HW, Linjawi S, Poulsen P, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(11):885\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2840_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2541","volume":"30","author":"C Yu Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu Pan C, Han P, Liu X, Yan S, Feng P, Zhou Z, et al. Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial (GetGoal-M-Asia). Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2014;30(8):726\u201335.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2840_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2462","volume":"36","author":"MC Riddle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Riddle MC, Forst T, Aronson R, Sauque-Reyna L, Souhami E, Silvestre L, et al. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1). Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2497\u2013503.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"13","key":"2840_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.063716","volume":"147","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Li Z, Ramasundarahettige C, Baek S, Branch KR, Del Prato S, et al. Exploring the relationship between efpeglenatide dose and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: insights from the AMPLITUDE-O trial. Circulation. 2023;147(13):1004\u201313.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"2840_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269","volume":"385","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Sattar N, Rosenstock J, Ramasundarahettige C, Pratley R, Lopes RD, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with efpeglenatide in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(10):896\u2013907.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2840_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","volume":"377","author":"RR Holman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10157","key":"2840_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","volume":"392","author":"AF Hernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, D\u2019Agostino RB, Granger CB, Jones NP, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1519\u201329.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2840_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","volume":"381","author":"M Husain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, Dungan K, Eliaschewitz FG, Franco DR, et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(9):841\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"2840_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, J\u00f3dar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834\u201344.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2840_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12121","volume":"15","author":"M Pinget","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinget M, Goldenberg R, Niemoeller E, Muehlen-Bartmer I, Guo H, Aronson R. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(11):1000\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","volume":"391","author":"V Perkovic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, Mahaffey KW, Mann JF, Bakris G, et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"2840_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501006","volume":"392","author":"DK McGuire","year":"2025","unstructured":"McGuire DK, Marx N, Mulvagh SL, Deanfield JE, Inzucchi SE, Pop-Busui R, et al. Oral Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(20):2001\u201312.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177\u201388.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"2840_CR63","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596\u2013646.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz486","volume":"41","author":"F Cosentino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, Bailey CJ, Ceriello A, Delgado V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2019;41(2):255\u2013323.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2840_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.09.062","volume":"371","author":"G Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong G, Chin YH, Chong B, Goh RSJ, Lim OZH, Ng CH, et al. Higher mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients without standard modifiable risk factors: results from a global meta-analysis of 1,285,722 patients. Int J Cardiol. 2023;371:432\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"2840_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.869168","volume":"9","author":"G Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong G, Chew NW, Ng CH, Chin YH, Lim OZ, Ambhore A, et al. Prognostic outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients without standard modifiable risk factors: a multiethnic study of 8,680 Asian patients. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9: 869168.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"2840_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.06.045","volume":"82","author":"GA Figtree","year":"2023","unstructured":"Figtree GA, Vernon ST, Harmer JA, Gray MP, Arnott C, Bachour E, et al. Clinical pathway for coronary atherosclerosis in patients without conventional modifiable risk factors: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(13):1343\u201359.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-022-02704-7","volume":"54","author":"G Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong G, Chew NW, Ng CH, Chin YH, Zeng R, Foo R, et al. Long-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients without standard modifiable risk factors: a multi-ethnic retrospective cohort study of 5400 Asian patients. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022;54(4):569\u201378.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2840_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1159","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00574.2023","volume":"326","author":"B Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park B, Bakbak E, Teoh H, Krishnaraj A, Dennis F, Quan A, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and atherosclerosis protection: the vascular endothelium takes center stage. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2024;326(5):H1159\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2840_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01321-5","volume":"47","author":"B Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan B, Pan X-H, Chew HSJ, Goh RSJ, Lin C, Anand VV, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for treatment of overweight or obesity. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2023;47(8):677\u201385.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"2840_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-022-01027-5","volume":"24","author":"NW Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chew NW, Ng CH, Muthiah MD, Sanyal AJ. Comprehensive review and updates on holistic approach towards non-alcoholic fatty liver disease management with cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(7):515\u201332.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2840_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew NW, Ng CH, Truong E, Noureddin M, Kowdley KV, editors. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis drug development pipeline: an update. Seminars in Liver Disease; 2022: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1877-9656"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20578","volume":"321","author":"SL Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng SL, Roddick AJ. Association of aspirin use for primary prevention with cardiovascular events and bleeding events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2019;321(3):277\u201387.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2840_CR74","unstructured":"David Newman M. Statin Drugs given for 5 years for heart disease prevention (without known heart disease) 2015 [updated January 10, 2015. Available from: https:\/\/thennt.com\/nnt\/statins-for-heart-disease-prevention-without-prior-heart-disease-2\/."},{"key":"2840_CR75","unstructured":"James McCormack MP-RbRR, MD and Barbara Roberts, MD. Blood Pressure Medicines for Five Years to Prevent Death, Heart Attacks, and Strokes 2014 [updated July 21, 2014. Available from: https:\/\/thennt.com\/nnt\/anti-hypertensives-to-prevent-death-heart-attacks-and-strokes\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa004","volume":"7","author":"M Trevisan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trevisan M, Fu EL, Szummer K, Norhammar A, Lundman P, Wanner C, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and the risk of cardiovascular events in diabetes patients surviving an acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021;7(2):104\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02022-z","volume":"22","author":"O De Filippo","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Filippo O, D\u2019Ascenzo F, Iannaccone M, Bertaina M, Leone A, Borzillo I, et al. Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):324.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1133","key":"2840_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2019-137186","volume":"96","author":"KH Sheahan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheahan KH, Wahlberg EA, Gilbert MP. An overview of GLP-1 agonists and recent cardiovascular outcomes trials. Postgrad Med J. 2020;96(1133):156\u201361.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2840_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcac060","volume":"9","author":"YH Chin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chin YH, Lim O, Lin C, Chan YY, Kong G, Ng CH, et al. Meta-analysis of the placebo and nocebo effects associated with placebo treatment in randomized trials of lipid-lowering therapies. Eur Heart J Quality Care Clin Outcomes. 2023;9(5):511\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Quality Care Clin Outcomes"},{"issue":"12","key":"2840_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad133","volume":"30","author":"CYL Yaow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yaow CYL, Chong B, Chin YH, Kueh MTW, Ng CH, Chan KE, et al. Higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in females with type 2 diabetes Mellitus: an Umbrella review of systematic reviews. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023;30(12):1227\u201335.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"2840_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1720","volume":"167","author":"RP Bogers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bogers RP, Bemelmans WJ, Hoogenveen RT, Boshuizen HC, Woodward M, Knekt P, et al. Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(16):1720\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2840_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-020-01542-w","volume":"20","author":"B Adams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adams B, Jacocks L, Guo H. Higher BMI is linked to an increased risk of heart attacks in European adults: a Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20:1\u20138.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2840_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.103633","volume":"77","author":"S Dar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dar S, Siddiqi AK, Alabduladhem TO, Rashid AM, Sarfraz S, Maniya T, et al. Effects of novel glucose-lowering drugs on the lipid parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg. 2022;77: 103633.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.10.007","volume":"29","author":"CE Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu CE, Ng CH, Yong JN, Chan KE, Xiao J, Nah B, et al. A meta-analysis on associated risk of mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(1):33\u20139.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"2840_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.09.028","volume":"21","author":"KE Chan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan KE, Ng CH, Fu CE, Quek J, Kong G, Goh YJ, et al. The spectrum and impact of metabolic dysfunction in MAFLD: a longitudinal cohort analysis of 32683 overweight and obese individuals. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21(10):2560-9.e15.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009340","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.122.009340","volume":"16","author":"G Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong G, Zhang A, Chong B, Lim J, Kannan S, Han Chin Y, et al. Long-term prognosis of patients with coexisting obesity and malnutrition after acute myocardial infarction: a cohort study. Circ Cardiovasc Quality Outcomes. 2023;16(4):e009340.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Quality Outcomes."},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23658","volume":"31","author":"G Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong G, Chin YH, Lim J, Ng CH, Kannan S, Chong B, et al. A two-decade population-based study on the effect of hypertension in the general population with obesity in the United States. Obesity. 2023;31(3):832\u201340.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2022.11.006","volume":"13","author":"J Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao J, Ng CH, Chan KE, Fu C, Tay P, Yong JN, et al. Hepatic, extra-hepatic outcomes and causes of mortality in NAFLD\u2013an umbrella overview of systematic review of meta-analysis. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2023;13(4):656\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2840_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-021-01116-9","volume":"12","author":"K Fernando","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernando K, Bain SC, Holmes P, Jones PN, Patel DC. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist usage in type 2 diabetes in primary care for the UK and beyond: a narrative review. Diabetes Therapy. 2021;12(9):2267\u201388.","journal-title":"Diabetes Therapy"},{"issue":"24","key":"2840_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059595","volume":"146","author":"N Marx","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marx N, Husain M, Lehrke M, Verma S, Sattar N. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the reduction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Circulation. 2022;146(24):1882\u201394.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1113","volume":"45","author":"AK Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright AK, Carr MJ, Kontopantelis E, Leelarathna L, Thabit H, Emsley R, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their combination in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(4):909\u201318.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"2840_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2022.05.007","volume":"28","author":"NW Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chew NW, Kong G, Venisha S, Chin YH, Ng CH, Muthiah M, et al. Long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction associated with metabolic health and obesity status. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(8):802\u201310.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2840_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.02.023","volume":"196","author":"C Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin C, Loke WH, Ng BH, Chin YH, Chong B, Goh RSJ, et al. Mortality, cardiovascular, and medication outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction and underweight in a meta-analysis of 6.3 million patients. Am J Cardiol. 2023;196:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2840_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111652","volume":"211","author":"NW Chew","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chew NW, Pan XH, Chong B, Chandramouli C, Muthiah M, Lam CS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiometabolic outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;211: 111652.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"2840_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100635","volume":"2","author":"AR Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai AR, Warrier M, Ng EZ, Lin C, Chin YH, Kong G, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in acute coronary syndrome and malnutrition: a meta-analysis of nutritional assessment tools. JACC Adv. 2023;2(8):100635.","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"issue":"10","key":"2840_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00203-5","volume":"9","author":"N Sattar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sattar N, Lee MMY, Kristensen SL, Branch KRH, Del Prato S, Khurmi NS, et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(10):653\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2840_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02362-6","volume":"113","author":"A Villaschi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villaschi A, Ferrante G, Cannata F, Pini D, Pagnesi M, Corrada E, et al. GLP-1-ra and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with and without history of heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol. 2024;113(6):898\u2013909.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02118-6","volume":"23","author":"R Marfella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marfella R, Prattichizzo F, Sardu C, Rambaldi PF, Fumagalli C, Marfella LV, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists-SGLT-2 inhibitors combination therapy and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: an observational study in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):10.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2840_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.06.053","volume":"168","author":"R Marfella","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marfella R, Rizzo MR, Siniscalchi M, Paolisso P, Barbieri M, Sardu C, et al. Peri-procedural tight glycemic control during early percutaneous coronary intervention up-regulates endothelial progenitor cell level and differentiation during acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: effects on myocardial salvage. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(4):3954\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01506-8","volume":"21","author":"P Paolisso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paolisso P, Bergamaschi L, Santulli G, Gallinoro E, Cesaro A, Gragnano F, et al. Infarct size, inflammatory burden, and admission hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with SGLT2-inhibitors: a multicenter international registry. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022;21(1):77.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2022.100762","volume":"28","author":"M Muthiah","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muthiah M, Ng CH, Chan KE, Fu CE, Lim WH, Tan DJH, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease versus type 2 diabetes mellitus non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a longitudinal cohort analysis. Ann Hepatol. 2023;28(1):100762.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2840_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chin YH, Ng CH, Chew NW, Kong G, Lim WH, Tan DJH, et al. The placebo response rate and nocebo events in obesity pharmacological trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;54.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101685"},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23600","volume":"31","author":"DC Llewellyn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Llewellyn DC, Logan Ellis H, Aylwin SJ, O\u0161tarija\u0161 E, Green S, Sheridan W, et al. The efficacy of GLP-1RAs for the management of postprandial hypoglycemia following bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obesity. 2023;31(1):20\u201330.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2840_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13822","volume":"9","author":"T Yeong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yeong T, Mai AS, Lim OZ, Ng CH, Chin YH, Tay P, et al. Can glucose-lowering medications improve outcomes in non-diabetic heart failure patients? A Bayesian network meta-analysis. ESC Heart Failure. 2022;9(2):1338\u201350.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Failure"},{"key":"2840_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.02.044","volume":"173","author":"NW Chew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chew NW, Ng C-H, Kong G, Lee K-S, Tan DJ, Lim OZ-H, et al. Meta-analysis of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for left main narrowing. Am J Cardiol. 2022;173:39\u201347.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12_Part_1","key":"2840_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101409","volume":"3","author":"PL Alebna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alebna PL, Han CY, Ambrosio M, Kong G, Cyrus JW, Harley K, et al. Association of Lipoprotein (a) with major adverse cardiovascular events across hs-CRP: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JACC Adv. 2024;3(12_Part_1):101409.","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"2840_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.57349","volume":"8","author":"PJ Rodriguez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodriguez PJ, Zhang V, Gratzl S, Do D, Goodwin Cartwright B, Baker C, et al. Discontinuation and reinitiation of dual-labeled glp-1 receptor agonists among US adults with overweight or obesity. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(1): e2457349.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2840_CR108","first-page":"669","volume":"25","author":"E Durden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Durden E, Liang M, Fowler R, Panton UH, Mocevic E. The effect of early response to GLP-1 RA therapy on long-term adherence and persistence among type 2 diabetes patients in the United States. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25(6):669\u201380.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2840_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S277676","volume":"14","author":"T Weiss","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weiss T, Carr RD, Pal S, Yang L, Sawhney B, Boggs R, et al. Real-world adherence and discontinuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the United States. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2020;14:2337\u201345.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"3","key":"2840_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23952","volume":"32","author":"H Gasoyan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gasoyan H, Pfoh ER, Schulte R, Le P, Rothberg MB. Early- and later-stage persistence with antiobesity medications: a retrospective cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024;32(3):486\u201393.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2840_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2413172-e","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.13172","volume":"7","author":"D Do","year":"2024","unstructured":"Do D, Lee T, Peasah SK, Good CB, Inneh A, Patel U. GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation among patients with obesity and\/or type 2 diabetes. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(5):e2413172-e.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T06:12:00Z","timestamp":1757225520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cardiab.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-025-02840-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was exempt from IRB review as no confidential information was involved.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All other authors of the manuscript do not have a conflict of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors approve the final version of the manuscript, including the authorship list and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authorship statement"}},{"value":"No part of this manuscript or its contents have been presented in any capacity outside of this manuscript as of the time of submission.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Presentations"}},{"value":"This review was registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) registries prior to conduction (\n                      \n                      ).","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Registration and protocol"}},{"value":"Dr Nicholas Chew is supported by the NUHS Seed Fund (NUHSRO\/2022\/058\/RO5+6\/Seed-Mar\/03), National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine\u2019s Academic Fellowship Scheme, and NUHS Clinician Scientist Program (NCSP2.0\/2024\/NUHS\/NCWS).","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"285"}}