{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789142849458,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2017: 20178YTNWC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2017: 20178YTNWC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2017: 20175L9H7H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2017: 20175L9H7H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project PAS GRAS, grant# 101080329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project PAS GRAS, grant# 101080329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc Diabetol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T10:33:49Z","timestamp":1767090829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dapagliflozin modulates plasma lipidomic profile and urinary metabolite excretion in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1285-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Pezzica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Pratesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3251-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2540-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizia","family":"Carli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2834-9725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mengozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Solini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2594-1651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amalia","family":"Gastaldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10397","key":"3018_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01301-6","volume":"402","author":"GBDD Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collaborators GBDD. Global, regional, and National burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2023;402(10397):203\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10365","key":"3018_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02074-8","volume":"400","author":"Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies G, Consortium SiM-AC-RT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies G, Consortium SiM-AC-RT. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2022;400(10365):1788\u2013801.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.011","volume":"26","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrannini E. Sodium-Glucose Co-transporters and their inhibition: clinical physiology. Cell Metab. 2017;26(1):27\u201338.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"3018_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0885","volume":"46","author":"S Abdelgani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdelgani S, Khattab A, Adams J, Abu-Farha M, Daniele G, Al-Mulla F, et al. Distinct mechanisms responsible for the increase in glucose production and ketone formation caused by empagliflozin in T2DM patients. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(5):978\u201384.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13870","volume":"22","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrannini E, Baldi S, Frias JP, Guja C, Hardy E, Repetto E, et al. Hormone-substrate changes with exenatide plus Dapagliflozin versus each drug alone: the randomized, active-controlled DURATION-8 study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"3018_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1983","volume":"44","author":"P Wolf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolf P, Fellinger P, Pfleger L, Beiglbock H, Krumpolec P, Barbieri C, et al. Gluconeogenesis, but not Glycogenolysis, contributes to the increase in endogenous glucose production by SGLT-2 Inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(2):541\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"3018_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0770","volume":"69","author":"M Alatrach","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alatrach M, Laichuthai N, Martinez R, Agyin C, Ali AM, Al-Jobori H, et al. Evidence against an important role of plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations in the increase in EGP caused by SGLT2 inhibitors. Diabetes. 2020;69(4):681\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"3018_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065517","volume":"149","author":"AM Billing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Billing AM, Kim YC, Gullaksen S, Schrage B, Raabe J, Hutzfeldt A, et al. Metabolic communication by SGLT2 Inhibition. Circulation. 2024;149(11):860\u201384.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"oeae001","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjopen\/oeae001","volume":"4","author":"A Leiherer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leiherer A, Muendlein A, Saely CH, Laaksonen R, Fraunberger P, Drexel H. Ceramides improve cardiovascular risk prediction beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Eur Heart J Open. 2024;4(1):oeae001.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3018_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3798","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3798","volume":"40","author":"G Della Pepa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Della Pepa G, Carli F, Sabatini S, Pezzica S, Russo M, Vitale M, et al. Clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes identify those with worse lipidomic profile despite similar glycaemic control. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2024;40(4):e3798.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"3018_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101620","volume":"66","author":"YJM Op den Kamp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Op den Kamp YJM, Gemmink A, de Ligt M, Dautzenberg B, Kornips E, Jorgensen JA, et al. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes on skeletal muscle cellular metabolism. Mol Metab. 2022;66:101620.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-024-01508-1","volume":"24","author":"S Filippas-Ntekouan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filippas-Ntekouan S, Dimou A, Dafopoulos P, Kostara C, Bairaktari E, Chasapi S, et al. Effect of Dapagliflozin on the serum metabolome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2025;24(1):4.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"3018_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab086","volume":"106","author":"E Bletsa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bletsa E, Filippas-Dekouan S, Kostara C, Dafopoulos P, Dimou A, Pappa E, et al. Effect of Dapagliflozin on urine metabolome in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(5):1269\u201383.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3018_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li T, Ihanus A, Ohukainen P, Jarvelin MR, Kahonen M, Kettunen J et al. Clinical and biochemical associations of urinary metabolites: quantitative epidemiological approach on renal-cardiometabolic biomarkers. Int J Epidemiol. 2024;53(1).","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad162"},{"issue":"11","key":"3018_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13823","volume":"21","author":"S Mulder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mulder S, Heerspink HJL, Darshi M, Kim JJ, Laverman GD, Sharma K, et al. Effects of Dapagliflozin on urinary metabolites in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(11):2422\u20138.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"3018_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827033","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.827033","volume":"13","author":"A Aragon-Herrera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aragon-Herrera A, Otero-Santiago M, Anido-Varela L, Morana-Fernandez S, Campos-Toimil M, Garcia-Caballero T, et al. The treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin modifies the hepatic metabolome of male Zucker diabetic fatty rats towards a protective profile. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:827033.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12814","volume":"13","author":"R Bamba","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bamba R, Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, et al. Extracellular lipidome change by an SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, contributes to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy in db\/db mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(1):574\u201388.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"3018_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez-Villavicencio R, Flores-Estrada J, Franco M, Escalante B, Perez-Mendez O, Mercado A et al. Effect of empagliflozin on sphingolipid catabolism in diabetic and hypertensive rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052883"},{"issue":"10","key":"3018_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4253","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00706","volume":"104","author":"A Solini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Solini A, Seghieri M, Giannini L, Biancalana E, Parolini F, Rossi C, et al. The effects of Dapagliflozin on systemic and renal vascular function display an epigenetic signature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(10):4253\u201363.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29465","volume":"67","author":"M Gaggini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaggini M, Carli F, Rosso C, Buzzigoli E, Marietti M, Della Latta V, et al. Altered amino acid concentrations in NAFLD: impact of obesity and insulin resistance. Hepatology. 2018;67(1):145\u201358.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3018_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0013","volume":"5","author":"M Sampson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sampson M, Ling C, Sun Q, Harb R, Ashmaig M, Warnick R, et al. A new equation for calculation of Low-Density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and\/or hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(5):540\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3018_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067626","volume":"149","author":"SS Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Grams ME, Surapaneni A, et al. Development and validation of the American heart association\u2019s PREVENT equations. Circulation. 2024;149(6):430\u201349.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"3018_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029166","volume":"136","author":"BA Kappel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kappel BA, Lehrke M, Schutt K, Artati A, Adamski J, Lebherz C, et al. Effect of empagliflozin on the metabolic signature of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2017;136(10):969\u201372.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"3018_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.04.068","volume":"133","author":"A Gastaldelli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gastaldelli A, Cusi K, Pettiti M, Hardies J, Miyazaki Y, Berria R, et al. Relationship between hepatic\/visceral fat and hepatic insulin resistance in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Gastroenterology. 2007;133(2):496\u2013506.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3018_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S, Gao D, Jiang Y, Function. Detection and alteration of acylcarnitine metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolites. 2019;9(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9020036"},{"issue":"7","key":"3018_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041456","volume":"7","author":"MN Barber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barber MN, Risis S, Yang C, Meikle PJ, Staples M, Febbraio MA, et al. Plasma lysophosphatidylcholine levels are reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e41456.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3018_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E398","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00134.2015","volume":"309","author":"BC Bergman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergman BC, Brozinick JT, Strauss A, Bacon S, Kerege A, Bui HH, et al. Serum sphingolipids: relationships to insulin sensitivity and changes with exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015;309(4):E398\u2013408.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"3018_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13970","volume":"22","author":"S Wilkinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilkinson S, Williamson E, Pokrajac A, Fogarty D, Stirnadel-Farrant H, Smeeth L, et al. Comparative effects of sulphonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors added to Metformin monotherapy: a propensity-score matched cohort study in UK primary care. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020;22(5):847\u201356.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"3018_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee YS, Park G, Lee K, Jang HR, Lee JE, Huh W et al. SGLT2 inhibitor use and renal outcomes in low-risk population with diabetes mellitus and normal or low body mass index. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2025;13(2).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2024-004876"},{"issue":"3","key":"3018_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0694","volume":"73","author":"L Kugathasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kugathasan L, Sridhar VS, Lovblom LE, Matta S, Saliba A, Debnath S, et al. Interactive effects of empagliflozin and hyperglycemia on urinary amino acids in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2024;73(3):401\u201311.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"3018_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105375","volume":"45","author":"AD Goodman","year":"1966","unstructured":"Goodman AD, Fuisz RE, Cahill GF. Jr. Renal gluconeogenesis in acidosis, alkalosis, and potassium deficiency: its possible role in regulation of renal ammonia production. J Clin Invest. 1966;45(4):612\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"3018_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F419","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00497.2018","volume":"317","author":"A Onishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onishi A, Fu Y, Darshi M, Crespo-Masip M, Huang W, Song P, et al. Effect of renal tubule-specific knockdown of the Na+\/H\u2009+\u2009exchanger NHE3 in Akita diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2019;317(2):F419\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3018_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.203","volume":"36","author":"I Zelikovic","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zelikovic I, Chesney RW. Sodium-coupled amino acid transport in renal tubule. Kidney Int. 1989;36(3):351\u20139.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"3018_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129646","volume":"260","author":"R Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia R, Peng HF, Zhang X, Zhang HS. Comprehensive review of amino acid transporters as therapeutic targets. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;260(Pt 2):129646.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3018_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0858-4","volume":"69","author":"C Esteva-Font","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esteva-Font C, Ballarin J, Fernandez-Llama P. Molecular biology of water and salt regulation in the kidney. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2012;69(5):683\u201395.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2066","volume":"23","author":"EM Boorsma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boorsma EM, Beusekamp JC, Ter Maaten JM, Figarska SM, Danser AHJ, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Effects of empagliflozin on renal sodium and glucose handling in patients with acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(1):68\u201378.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"3018_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-009-0638-2","volume":"458","author":"F Verrey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verrey F, Singer D, Ramadan T, Vuille-dit-Bille RN, Mariotta L, Camargo SM. Kidney amino acid transport. Pflugers Arch. 2009;458(1):53\u201360.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"12","key":"3018_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.004","volume":"42","author":"B Afsar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Afsar B, Afsar RE. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and sarcopenia: A controversy that must be solved. Clin Nutr. 2023;42(12):2338\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3018_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203666","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1203666","volume":"14","author":"S Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang S, Qi Z, Wang Y, Song D, Zhu D. Effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors on sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1203666.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3018_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15249","volume":"25","author":"D Yabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yabe D, Shiki K, Homma G, Meinicke T, Ogura Y, Seino Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin in elderly Japanese adults (>\/=65 years) with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 52-week clinical trial (EMPA-ELDERLY). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023;25(12):3538\u201348.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"3018_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013020126","volume":"24","author":"K Sharma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharma K, Karl B, Mathew AV, Gangoiti JA, Wassel CL, Saito R, et al. Metabolomics reveals signature of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(11):1901\u201312.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3018_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bangarbale S, Shepard BD, Bansal S, Jayatilake MM, Kurtz R, Levi M et al. Renal metabolome in obese mice treated with empagliflozin suggests a reduction in cellular respiration. Biomolecules. 2022;12(9).","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091176"},{"issue":"2","key":"3018_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2024.108930","volume":"39","author":"T Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding T, Song M, Wang S, Huang C, Pan T. Dapagliflozin has protective effects on palmitate-induced renal tubular epithelial cells by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress. J Diabetes Complications. 2024;39(2):108930.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"9","key":"3018_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4675-2","volume":"61","author":"JW Eriksson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eriksson JW, Lundkvist P, Jansson PA, Johansson L, Kvarnstrom M, Moris L, et al. Effects of Dapagliflozin and n-3 carboxylic acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study. Diabetologia. 2018;61(9):1923\u201334.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"3018_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934136","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.934136","volume":"13","author":"P Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao P, Jia Y, Ma A, He J, Shao C, Li X, et al. Dapagliflozin protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in db\/db mice. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:934136.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"3018_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131261","volume":"389","author":"A Davies","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davies A, Wenzl FA, Li XS, Winzap P, Obeid S, Klingenberg R, et al. Short and medium chain acylcarnitines as markers of outcome in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with acute coronary syndromes. Int J Cardiol. 2023;389:131261.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Cardiovascular Diabetology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T16:03:10Z","timestamp":1769788990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-025-03018-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2840"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2840","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Pisa and registered in the Registry of the Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco no. 772\/2015. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AG reports consultancy\/advisory boards fee for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Madrigal, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company; educational grants from Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Mercodia, Madrigal. AS reports advisory boards fee\/lecture fees for Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo, Sankyo, Sanofi. The other authors report no conflicts of interests related to this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"31"}}