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Although it has been shown that IBs contain functional proteins along with protein aggregates, their direct application as pharmaceuticals is hindered by their heterogeneity and hazardous contaminants with bacterial origin. Therefore, together with the production of soluble species, IBs remain the main source for manufacture of recombinant proteins with medical application. The quality and composition of the IBs affect the refolding yield and further purification of the recombinant protein. The knowledge whether nucleic acids are genuine components or concomitant impurities of the IBs is a prerequisite for the understanding of the IBs formation and for development of optimized protocols for recombinant protein refolding and purification. IBs isolated from\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      overexpressing human interferon-gamma (hIFN\u03b3), a protein with therapeutic application, were used as a model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IBs were isolated from\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      LE392 cells transformed with a hIFN\u03b3 expressing plasmid under standard conditions and further purified by centrifugation on a sucrose cushion, followed by several steps of sonication and washings with non-denaturing concentrations of urea. The efficiency of the purification was estimated by SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis and parallel microbiological testing for the presence of residual intact bacteria. Phenol\/chloroform extraction showed that the highly purified IBs contain both DNA and RNA. The latter were studied by UV spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis combined with enzymatic treatment and hybridization. DNA was observed as a diffuse fraction mainly in the range of 250 to 1000\u00a0bp. RNA isolated by TRIzol\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      also demonstrated a substantial molecular heterogeneity. Hybridization with\n                      <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>\n                      P-labelled oligonucleotides showed that the IBs contain rRNA and are enriched of hIFN\u03b3 mRNA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results presented in this study indicate that the nucleic acids might be intrinsic components rather than co-precipitated impurities in the IBs. We assume that the nucleic acids are active participants in the aggregation of recombinant proteins and formation of the IBs that originate from the transcription and translation machinery of the microbial cell factory. Further studies are needed to ascertain this notion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-020-01400-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T01:02:48Z","timestamp":1594429368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Nucleic acids in inclusion bodies obtained from E. coli cells expressing human interferon-gamma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9501-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Krachmarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genoveva","family":"Nacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuy038","volume":"43","author":"A De Marco","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Marco A, Ferrer-Miralles N, Garcia-Fruit\u00f3s E, Mitraki A, Peternel S, Rinas U, Trujillo-Rold\u00e1n MA, Valdez-Cruz NA, V\u00e1zquez E, Villaverde A. 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