{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T16:42:31Z","timestamp":1794415351485,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003065","name":"University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microb Cell Fact"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing global demand for sustainable protein sources necessitates the exploration of alternative solutions beyond traditional livestock and crop-based proteins. Microalgae present a promising alternative due to their high protein content, rapid biomass accumulation, and minimal land and water requirements. Furthermore, their ability to thrive on non-arable land and in wastewater systems enhances their sustainability and resource efficiency. Despite these advantages, scalability and economical feasibility remain major challenges in microalgal protein production. This review explores recent advancements in microalgal protein cultivation and extraction technologies, including pulsed electric field, ultrasound-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. These innovative techniques have significantly improved protein extraction efficiency, purity, and sustainability, while addressing cell wall disruption and protein recovery challenges. Additionally, the review examines protein digestibility and bioavailability, particularly in the context of human nutrition and aquafeed applications. A critical analysis of life cycle assessment studies highlights the environmental footprint and economical feasibility of microalgal protein production compared to conventional protein sources. Although microalgal protein production requires significant energy inputs, advancements in biorefinery approaches, carbon dioxide sequestration, and industrial integration can help mitigate these limitations. Finally, this review outlines key challenges and future research directions, emphasizing the need for cost reduction strategies, genetic engineering for enhanced yields, and industrial-scale process optimization. By integrating innovative extraction techniques with biorefinery models, microalgal proteins hold immense potential as a sustainable, high-quality protein source for food, feed, and nutraceutical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T22:59:49Z","timestamp":1741561189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Advancements and challenges in microalgal protein production: A sustainable alternative to conventional protein sources"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sameh S.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Al-Tohamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Al-Zahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schagerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kornaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yadav S, Kambhampati V, Mishra S. Future trends in food and dairy process engineering and business: A comprehensive exploration. Engineering solutions for sustainable food and dairy production: innovations and techniques in food processing and dairy engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland; 2025. pp. 515\u201334.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-75834-8_18"},{"issue":"4","key":"2685_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12508","volume":"48","author":"WP Falcon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Falcon WP, Naylor RL, Shankar ND. Rethinking global food demand for 2050. Popul Dev Rev. 2022;48(4):921\u201357.","journal-title":"Popul Dev Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh A, Kumar A, Biswas G. Exponential population growth and global food security: challenges and alternatives. Bioremediation of emerging contaminants from soils. Elsevier; 2024. pp. 1\u201320.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13993-2.00001-3"},{"issue":"19","key":"2685_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.3390\/en14196326","volume":"14","author":"F Muhirwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muhirwa F, Shen L, Elshkaki A, Velempini K, Hirwa H, Zhong S, Mbandi AM. Decoupling energy, water, and food resources production from GHG emissions: A footprint perspective review of Africa from 1990 to 2017. Energies. 2021;14(19):6326.","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"17","key":"2685_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7701","DOI":"10.3390\/su16177701","volume":"16","author":"M Gil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gil M, Rudy M, Duma-Kocan P, Stanis\u0142awczyk R, Krajewska A, Dziki D, Hassoon WH. Sustainability of alternatives to animal protein sources: A comprehensive review. Sustainability. 2024;16(17):7701.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"22","key":"2685_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9858","DOI":"10.3390\/su16229858","volume":"16","author":"R Chetroiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chetroiu R, Rodino S, Dragomir V, Turek-Rahoveanu PA, Manolache AM. Economic sustainability foraging scenarios for ruminant meat production\u2014A climate change adapting alternative. Sustainability. 2024;16(22):9858.","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"2685_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-024-09697-0","volume":"23","author":"F Tahir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tahir F, Ashfaq H, Khan AZ, Amin M, Akbar I, Malik HA, Abdullah M, Alessa AH, Alsaigh AA, Ralph PJ, Mehmood MA. Emerging trends in algae farming on non-arable lands for resource reclamation, recycling, and mitigation of climate change-driven food security challenges. Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology. 2024;23(3):869\u201396.","journal-title":"Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.565523","volume":"64","author":"SL Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma SL, Sun S, Li TZ, Yan YJ, Wang ZK. Application research and progress of microalgae as a novel protein resource in the future. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(1):1\u201324.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2685_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang A, Yan K, Chu D, Nazer M, Lin NT, Samaranayake E, Chang J. Microalgae as a mainstream food ingredient: demand and supply perspective. Microalgae biotechnology for food, health and high-value products. Springer; 2020. pp. 29\u201379.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-0169-2_2"},{"key":"2685_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111852","volume":"154","author":"AP Peter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peter AP, Koyande AK, Chew KW, Ho SH, Chen WH, Chang JS, Krishnamoorthy R, Banat F, Show PL. Continuous cultivation of microalgae in photobioreactors as a source of renewable energy: current status and future challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2022;154:111852.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130884","volume":"427","author":"E Daneshvar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daneshvar E, Wicker RJ, Show PL, Bhatnagar A. Biologically-mediated carbon capture and utilization by microalgae towards sustainable CO\u2082 biofixation and biomass valorization\u2014A review. Chem Eng J. 2022;427:130884.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2024.103224","volume":"58","author":"M Samoraj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samoraj M, \u00c7al\u0131\u015f D, Trzaska K, Mironiuk M, Chojnacka K. Advancements in algal biorefineries for sustainable agriculture: biofuels, high-value products, and environmental solutions. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2024;58:103224.","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"2685_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111464","volume":"150","author":"C Debnath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Debnath C, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bhunia B, Mishra U, Narayanasamy S, Muthuraj M. Microalgae: sustainable resource of carbohydrates in third-generation biofuel production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2021;150:111464.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.128932","volume":"415","author":"RJ Wicker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wicker RJ, Kumar G, Khan E, Bhatnagar A. Emergent green technologies for cost-effective valorization of microalgal biomass to renewable fuel products under a biorefinery scheme. Chem Eng J. 2021;415:128932.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2685_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3390\/md21080445","volume":"21","author":"L Novovesk\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Novovesk\u00e1 L, Nielsen SL, Eroldo\u011fan OT, Haznedaroglu BZ, Rinkevich B, Fazi S, Robbens J, Vasquez M, Einarsson H. Overview and challenges of large-scale cultivation of photosynthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs. 2023;21(8):445.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2685_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990635","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.990635","volume":"9","author":"D Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang D, An S, Yao R, Fu W, Han Y, Du M, Chen Z, Lei A, Wang J. Life cycle assessment of auto-tropically cultivated economic microalgae for final products such as food, total fatty acids, and bio-oil. Front Mar Sci. 2022;9:990635.","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"key":"2685_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103579","volume":"75","author":"F Salehipour-Bavarsad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salehipour-Bavarsad F, Nematollahi MA, Pistocchi R, Pezzolesi L. Algal food safety: possible contaminations, challenges of harmonized quality assessments, and suggested recommendations for the nascent industry of microalgae-based products. Algal Res. 2024;75:103579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103579.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2685_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10081153","volume":"10","author":"V Dolganyuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dolganyuk V, Belova D, Babich O, Prosekov A, Ivanova S, Katserov D, Patyukov N, Sukhikh S. Microalgae: A promising source of valuable bioproducts. Biomolecules. 2020;10(8):1153.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2685_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.101828","volume":"47","author":"D Parmentier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parmentier D, Manhaeghe D, Baccini L, Van Meirhaeghe R, Rousseau DP, Van Hulle S. A new reactor design for harvesting algae through electrocoagulation-flotation in a continuous mode. Algal Res. 2020;47:101828.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2685_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.6985","volume":"97","author":"J Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui J, Purton S, Baganz F. Characterisation of a simple hanging bag photobioreactor for low-cost cultivation of microalgae. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2022;97(3):608\u201319.","journal-title":"J Chem Technol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2685_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.128130","volume":"365","author":"Y Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie Y, Zhang Z, Ma R, Liu X, Miao M, Ho SH, Chen J, Leong YK, Chang JS. High-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana FZU60 for achieving ultra-high lutein production efficiency. Bioresour Technol. 2022;365:128130.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112247","volume":"159","author":"AP Abreu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abreu AP, Morais RC, Teixeira JA, Nunes J. A comparison between microalgal autotrophic growth and metabolite accumulation with heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photoheterotrophic cultivation modes. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2022;159:112247.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2021.108183","volume":"176","author":"T Castillo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castillo T, Ramos D, Garc\u00eda-Beltr\u00e1n T, Brito-Bazan M, Galindo E. Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae: an alternative to produce high-value metabolites. Biochem Eng J. 2021;176:108183.","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun JCA, Balbinot L, Beuter MA, Rempel A, Colla LM. (2024) \u2018Mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae using agro-industrial waste: tolerance level, scale up, perspectives and future use of biomass\u2019. Algal Res, p. 103554.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103554"},{"issue":"15","key":"2685_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4817","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27154817","volume":"27","author":"A Piasecka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piasecka A, Baier A. Metabolic and proteomic analysis of Chlorella Sorokiniana, Chloroidium saccharofilum, and Chlorella vulgaris cells cultured in autotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation modes. Molecules. 2022;27(15):4817.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2685_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.131436","volume":"425","author":"SR Chia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chia SR, Chew KW, Leong HY, Ho SH, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL. CO\u2082 mitigation and phycoremediation of industrial flue gas and wastewater via microalgae-bacteria consortium: possibilities and challenges. Chem Eng J. 2021;425:131436.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-019-1646-x","volume":"13","author":"JC Nzayisenga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nzayisenga JC, Farge X, Groll SL, Sellstedt A. Effects of light intensity on growth and lipid production in microalgae grown in wastewater. Biotechnol Biofuels. 2020;13:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"2685_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126077","volume":"343","author":"R Chaiklahan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaiklahan R, Chirasuwan N, Srinorasing T, Attasat S, Nopharatana A, Bunnag B. Enhanced biomass and phycocyanin production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis by a cultivation management strategy: light intensity and cell concentration. Bioresour Technol. 2022;343:126077.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR29","first-page":"17","volume":"3","author":"G Nishihara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nishihara G, Fu C. Illuminating Nature\u2019s green alchemy: an in-depth exploration of photosynthesis and its ecological implications. Eastern-European J Eng Technol. 2024;3(1):17\u201324.","journal-title":"Eastern-European J Eng Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9833-2","volume":"54","author":"J Iglesias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iglesias J, Morales L, Barreto GE. Metabolic and inflammatory adaptation of reactive astrocytes: role of PPARs. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54:2518\u201338.","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"2685_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.08.113","volume":"245","author":"S Smetana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smetana S, Sandmann M, Rohn S, Pleissner D, Heinz V. Autotrophic and heterotrophic microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivation for food and feed: life cycle assessment. Bioresour Technol. 2017;245:162\u201370.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.130944","volume":"448","author":"T Elsamahy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elsamahy T, Sun J, Elsilk SE, Ali SS. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene plastic waste by a constructed tri-culture yeast consortium from wood-feeding termite: degradation mechanism and pathway. J Hazard Mater. 2023;448:130944.","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"2685_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125521","volume":"338","author":"SS Ali","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ali SS, Mustafa AM, Sun J. Wood feeding termites as an obscure yet promising source of bacteria for biodegradation and detoxification of creosote-treated wood along with methane production enhancement. Bioresour Technol. 2021;338:125521.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03359","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03359-23","volume":"12","author":"LG Molale-Tom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molale-Tom LG, Olanrewaju OS, Kritzinger RK, Fri J, Bezuidenhout CC. Heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water: evaluating antibiotic resistance and the presence of virulence genes. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12(2):e03359\u201323.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2685_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13625","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.13625","volume":"40","author":"N Laraib","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laraib N, Manzoor M, Javid A, Jabeen F, Bukhari SM, Ali W, Hussain A. Mixotrophic cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in sugarcane molasses preceding nitrogen starvation: biomass productivity, lipid content, and fatty acid analyses. Environ Prog Sustain Energy. 2021;40(4):e13625.","journal-title":"Environ Prog Sustain Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.18545","volume":"237","author":"A Garcia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia A, Gaju O, Bowerman AF, Buck SA, Evans JR, Furbank RT, Gilliham M, Millar AH, Pogson BJ, Reynolds MP, Ruan YL. Enhancing crop yields through improvements in the efficiency of photosynthesis and respiration. New Phytol. 2023;237(1):60\u201377.","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"key":"2685_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.126398","volume":"344","author":"S Chavan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chavan S, Yadav B, Atmakuri A, Tyagi RD, Wong JW, Drogui P. Bioconversion of organic wastes into value-added products: A review. Bioresour Technol. 2022;344:126398.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-022-02711-1","volume":"45","author":"P Benner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benner P, Meier L, Pfeffer A, Kr\u00fcger K, Vargas O, J.E. and, Weuster-Botz D. Lab-scale photobioreactor systems: principles, applications, and scalability. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2022;45(5):791\u2013813.","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"2685_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razz SA. (2024) \u2018Comprehensive overview of microalgae-derived carotenoids and their applications in diverse industries\u2019. Algal Res, p. 103422.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103422"},{"issue":"20","key":"2685_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9346","DOI":"10.3390\/app14209346","volume":"14","author":"F Palladino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Palladino F, Marcelino PRF, Schlogl AE, Jos\u00e9 \u00c1HM, Rodrigues RDCLB, Fabrino DL, Santos IJB, Rosa CA. Bioreactors: applications and innovations for a sustainable and healthy future\u2014A critical review. Appl Sci. 2024;14(20):9346.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2685_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2020.1768046","volume":"61","author":"ML Amorim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amorim ML, Soares J, Coimbra JSDR, Leite MDO, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Microalgae proteins: production, separation, isolation, quantification, and application in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(12):1976\u20132002.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2685_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.110209","volume":"135","author":"G Muhammad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muhammad G, Alam MA, Mofijur M, Jahirul MI, Lv Y, Xiong W, Ong HC, Xu J. Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2021;135:110209.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2020.107650","volume":"45","author":"C Nitsos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nitsos C, Filali R, Taidi B, Lemaire J. Current and novel approaches to downstream processing of microalgae: A review. Biotechnol Adv. 2020;45:107650.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"2685_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2020.107892","volume":"167","author":"WA Dryden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dryden WA, Larsen LM, Britt DW, Smith MT. Technical and economic considerations of cell culture harvest and clarification technologies. Biochem Eng J. 2021;167:107892.","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ricceri F, Malaguti M, Derossi C, Zanetti M, Riggio V, Tiraferri A. (2022) \u2018Microalgae biomass concentration and reuse of water as new cultivation medium using ceramic membrane filtration\u2019, Chemosphere, 307, p. 135724.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135724"},{"key":"2685_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.120772","volume":"289","author":"N Rajapakse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajapakse N, Zargar M, Sen T, Khiadani M. Effects of influent physicochemical characteristics on air dissolution, bubble size and rise velocity in dissolved air flotation: A review. Sep Purif Technol. 2022;289:120772.","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2685_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.3390\/app9153069","volume":"9","author":"IA Matter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matter IA, Bui VKH, Jung M, Seo JY, Kim YE, Lee YC, Oh YK. Flocculation harvesting techniques for microalgae: A review. Appl Sci. 2019;9(15):3069.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2685_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11112975","volume":"11","author":"L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu L, Guo X, Liu W, Lee C. Recent progress in the energy harvesting technology\u2014from self-powered sensors to self-sustained IoT, and new applications. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(11):2975.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2685_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.11.038","volume":"31","author":"F Fasaei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fasaei F, Bitter JH, Slegers PM, Van Boxtel AJB. Techno-economic evaluation of microalgae harvesting and dewatering systems. Algal Res. 2018;31:347\u201362.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"2685_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.122543","volume":"311","author":"S Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan S, Naushad M, Iqbal J, Bathula C, Sharma G. Production and harvesting of microalgae and an efficient operational approach to biofuel production for a sustainable environment. Fuel. 2022;311:122543.","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/md20050285","volume":"20","author":"SB Grama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grama SB, Liu Z, Li J. Emerging trends in genetic engineering of microalgae for commercial applications. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(5):285.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"issue":"19","key":"2685_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.3390\/w16192812","volume":"16","author":"HA Hasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasan HA, Rahim NFM, Alias J, Ahmad J, Said NSM, Ramli NN, Buhari J, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Jusoh HHW, Juahir H. A review on the roles of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in wastewater treatment: source, mechanism study, bioproducts, limitations, and future challenges. Water. 2024;16(19):2812.","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"2685_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09726-x","volume":"103","author":"YT Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang YT, Jiang JY, Shi TQ, Sun XM, Zhao QY, Huang H, Ren LJ. Application of the CRISPR\/Cas system for genome editing in microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019;103:3239\u201348.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2685_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2018.1451984","volume":"38","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Seo SH, Ko SR, Ahn CY, Oh HM. Bioflocculation in natural and engineered systems: current perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2018;38(8):1176\u201394.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"key":"2685_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muir E, Grossman AR, Chisti Y, Fedrizzi B, Guieysse B, Plouviez M. (2024) \u2018Self-aggregation for sustainable harvesting of microalgae\u2019. Algal Res, p. 103685.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2024.103685"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2020.1777469","volume":"56","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Fang D, Ye R, Zhou C, Li P. The released polysaccharide inhibits cell aggregation and biofilm formation in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803. Eur J Phycol. 2021;56(2):119\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur J Phycol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2685_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4007","DOI":"10.3390\/en14134007","volume":"14","author":"W Babiak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Babiak W, Krzemi\u0144ska I. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as microalgal bioproducts: A review of factors affecting EPS synthesis and application in flocculation processes. Energies. 2021;14(13):4007.","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2685_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Cui X, Wu B, Wang Z, Liu Y, Ren T, Xia S, Rittmann BE. (2024) \u2018Microalgal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in cultivation, biomass harvesting, and bioproducts extraction\u2019. Bioresour Technol, p. 131054.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131054"},{"issue":"12","key":"2685_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10120608","volume":"10","author":"S Shivakumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shivakumar S, Serlini N, Esteves SM, Miros S, Halim R. Cell walls of lipid-rich microalgae: A comprehensive review on characterisation, ultrastructure, and enzymatic disruption. Fermentation. 2024;10(12):608.","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"issue":"16","key":"2685_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1873734","volume":"62","author":"V Timira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Timira V, Meki K, Li Z, Lin H, Xu M, Pramod SN. A comprehensive review on the application of novel disruption techniques for protein release from microalgae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(16):4309\u201325.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220330","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20220330","volume":"54","author":"ALF Nunes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nunes ALF, Lima VS, Miranda JR, Resende MET, Silva CASD, Martins MA, Coimbra JSDR. Cell disruption of microalgae: advances and perspectives. Ci\u00eancia Rural. 2023;54(5):e20220330.","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"issue":"11","key":"2685_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449-022-02794-w","volume":"45","author":"Z Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun Z, Chi Q, Sun L, Liu Y. Protein extraction from microalgae residue and nutritional assessment. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2022;45(11):1879\u201388.","journal-title":"Bioprocess Biosyst Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/foods6050033","volume":"6","author":"S Bleakley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bleakley S, Hayes M. Algal proteins: extraction, application, and challenges concerning production. Foods. 2017;6(5):33.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2685_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00396","volume":"7","author":"SR Chia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chia SR, Chew KW, Zaid HFM, Chu DT, Tao Y, Show PL. Microalgal protein extraction from Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E using triphasic partitioning technique with sonication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:396.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR65","first-page":"012009","volume":"159","author":"A Kuhavichanan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuhavichanan A, Kusolkumbot P, Sirisattha S, Areeprasert C. Mechanical extraction of protein solution from microalgae by ultrasonication. IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci. 2018;159(1):012009.","journal-title":"IOP Conf Series: Earth Environ Sci"},{"key":"2685_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanjeewa KA, Herath KHINM, Kim YS, Jeon YJ, Kim SK. (2023) \u2018Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from seaweeds and microalgae\u2019, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, p. 117266.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2023.117266"},{"key":"2685_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-16968-7_6","volume-title":"Green protein processing technologies from plants: novel extraction and purification methods for product development","author":"T Kleekayai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kleekayai T, Khalesi M, Amigo-Benavent M, Cerme\u00f1o M, Harnedy-Rothwell P, FitzGerald RJ. Enzyme-assisted extraction of plant proteins. Green protein processing technologies from plants: novel extraction and purification methods for product development. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. pp. 131\u201378."},{"key":"2685_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anjos L, Est\u00eav\u00e3o J, Infante C, Mantec\u00f3n L, Power DM. (2022) \u2018Extracting protein from microalgae (Tetraselmis chuii) for proteome analysis\u2019, MethodsX, 9, p. 101637.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2022.101637"},{"key":"2685_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2023.103180","volume":"74","author":"H Mear","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mear H, Gillon P, Gifuni I, Lavenant L, Poidevin A, Couallier E. Extraction of soluble proteins by bead milling from Tetraselmis Chui in two different physiological States. Algal Res. 2023;74:103180.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"2685_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02105-4","volume":"32","author":"G Hildebrand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hildebrand G, Poojary MM, O\u2019Donnell C, Lund MN, Garcia-Vaquero M, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound-assisted processing of Chlorella vulgaris for enhanced protein extraction. J Appl Phycol. 2020;32:1709\u201318.","journal-title":"J Appl Phycol"},{"key":"2685_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2021.102797","volume":"73","author":"C McHardy","year":"2021","unstructured":"McHardy C, Kammegne TD, J\u00e4nich I. Energy-efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction of food proteins from the microalga C. vulgaris at elevated static pressure. Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol. 2021;73:102797.","journal-title":"Innovative Food Sci Emerg Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121870","volume":"291","author":"L Buchmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buchmann L, Br\u00e4ndle I, Haberkorn I, Hiestand M, Mathys A. Pulsed electric field-based Cyclic protein extraction of microalgae towards closed-loop biorefinery concepts. Bioresour Technol. 2019;291:121870.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2020.107588","volume":"137","author":"H Gateau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gateau H, Blanckaert V, Veidl B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Pichereaux C, Gargaros A, Marchand J, Schoefs B. Application of pulsed electric fields for the biocompatible extraction of proteins from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioelectrochemistry. 2021;137:107588.","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"2685_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.133925","volume":"373","author":"M Mathur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mathur M, Hans N, Naaz F, Naik SN, Pant KK, Malik A. Valorization of microalgal biomass to value-added products using integrated supercritical CO\u2082 extraction and sub-critical hydrothermal liquefaction. J Clean Prod. 2022;373:133925.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4186\/ej.2018.22.5.13","volume":"22","author":"S Machmudah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Machmudah S, Diono W, Kanda H, Goto M. Supercritical fluids extraction of valuable compounds from algae: future perspectives and challenges. Eng J. 2018;22(5):13\u201330.","journal-title":"Eng J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/biomass2020006","volume":"2","author":"L Machado","year":"2022","unstructured":"Machado L, Carvalho G, Pereira RN. Effects of innovative processing methods on microalgae cell wall: prospects towards digestibility of protein-rich biomass. Biomass. 2022;2(2):80\u2013102.","journal-title":"Biomass"},{"key":"2685_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sani IK, Mehrnoosh F, Rasul NH, Hassani B, Mohammadi H, Gholizadeh H, Sattari N, Kaveh M, Khodaei SM, Sani MA, Eghbaljoo H. (2024) \u2018Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction of natural colorants; principles and applications\u2019. Food Bioscience, p. 104746.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104746"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12512","volume":"19","author":"JM Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez JM, Delso C, \u00c1lvarez I, Raso J. Pulsed electric field-assisted extraction of valuable compounds from microorganisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2020;19(2):530\u201352.","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"2685_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s43153-022-00281-z","volume":"40","author":"RN Pereira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pereira RN, Jaeschke DP, Mercali GD, Rech R, Marczak LDF. Impact of ultrasound and electric fields on microalgae growth: A comprehensive review. Braz J Chem Eng. 2023;40(3):607\u201322.","journal-title":"Braz J Chem Eng"},{"key":"2685_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2015.01.014","volume":"8","author":"O Parniakov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parniakov O, Barba FJ, Grimi N, Marchal L, Jubeau S, Lebovka N, Vorobiev E. Pulsed electric field and pH assisted selective extraction of intracellular components from microalgae Nannochloropsis. Algal Res. 2015;8:128\u201334.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"2685_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa V, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Dias O, Geada P. (2023) \u2018Microalgae biomass as an alternative source of biocompounds: new insights and future perspectives of extraction methodologies\u2019. Food Res Int, p. 113282.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113282"},{"issue":"9","key":"2685_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9091626","volume":"9","author":"G Franca-Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franca-Oliveira G, Fornari T, Hernandez-Ledesma B. A review on the extraction and processing of natural source-derived proteins through eco-innovative approaches. Processes. 2021;9(9):1626.","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"2685_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105506","volume":"73","author":"M Singla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singla M, Sit N. Application of ultrasound in combination with other technologies in food processing: A review. Ultrason Sonochem. 2021;73:105506.","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"2685_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-018-0331-9","volume":"8","author":"S Gayathri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gayathri S, Radhika R, Suman SR, T.Y. and, Aranganathan L. Ultrasound-assisted Microextraction of \u0392, \u03b5-carotene-3, 3\u2032-diol (lutein) from marine microalgae Chlorella salina: effect of different extraction parameters. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. 2018;8:791\u20137.","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefinery"},{"key":"2685_CR85","first-page":"132","volume":"8","author":"P Janczyk","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janczyk P, Wolf C, Souffrant WB. Evaluation of nutritional value and safety of the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris treated with novel processing methods. Arch Zootech. 2005;8:132\u201347.","journal-title":"Arch Zootech"},{"key":"2685_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.04.027","volume":"77","author":"DB Rodrigues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodrigues DB, Menezes CR, Mercadante AZ, Jacob-Lopes E, Zepka LQ. Bioactive pigments from microalgae Phormidium autumnale. Food Res Int. 2015;77:273\u20139.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"2685_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2022.106054","volume":"87","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Liu X, Cui Y, Yuan W. Ultrasound for microalgal cell disruption and product extraction: A review. Ultrason Sonochem. 2022;87:106054.","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"2685_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2017.04.009","volume":"124","author":"SY Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee SY, Show PL, Ling TC, Chang JS. Single-step disruption and protein recovery from Chlorella vulgaris using ultrasonication and ionic liquid buffer aqueous solutions as extractive solvents. Biochem Eng J. 2017;124:26\u201335.","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR89","unstructured":"Pena-Pereira F, Tobiszewski M, editors. The application of green solvents in separation processes. Elsevier; 2017."},{"issue":"17","key":"2685_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9153","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18179153","volume":"18","author":"A Carreira-Casais","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carreira-Casais A, Otero P, Garcia-Perez P, Garcia-Oliveira P, Pereira AG, Carpena M, Soria-Lopez A, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Benefits and drawbacks of ultrasound-assisted extraction for the recovery of bioactive compounds from marine algae. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9153.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2013.853772","volume":"30","author":"MN Islam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Islam MN, Zhang M, Adhikari B. The inactivation of enzymes by ultrasound\u2014a review of potential mechanisms. Food Reviews Int. 2014;30(1):1\u201321.","journal-title":"Food Reviews Int"},{"key":"2685_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid S, Chaudhary K, Aziz H, Amin S, Sipra HM, Ansar S, Rasheed H, Naeem M, Onyeaka H. (2024) \u2018Trends in extracting protein from microalgae Spirulina platensis, using innovative extraction techniques: mechanisms, potentials, and limitations\u2019. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, pp. 1\u201317.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2386448"},{"issue":"10","key":"2685_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12102059","volume":"12","author":"F Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao F, Wang Z, Huang H. Physical cell disruption technologies for intracellular compound extraction from microorganisms. Processes. 2024;12(10):2059.","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"9","key":"2685_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1080\/17597269.2023.2197730","volume":"14","author":"S Md Nadzir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Md Nadzir S, Yusof N, Nordin N, Kamari A, Yusoff MZM. A review of microalgal cell wall composition and degradation to enhance the recovery of biomolecules for biofuel production. Biofuels. 2023;14(9):979\u201397.","journal-title":"Biofuels"},{"issue":"8","key":"2685_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-022-04022-x","volume":"248","author":"J Ewert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ewert J, Eisele T, Stressler T. Enzymatic production and analysis of antioxidative protein hydrolysates. Eur Food Res Technol. 2022;248(8):2167\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuorro A, Contreras-Ropero JE, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez JB, Barajas-Solano AF. Enzymatic treatment for biological disruption of algal cells. Algal bioreactors. Elsevier Science Ltd; 2025. pp. 209\u201314.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-14059-4.00005-2"},{"issue":"23","key":"2685_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13233846","volume":"13","author":"S Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao S, Jiang J, Xiong K, Chen Y, Yao Y, Liu L, Liu H, Li X. Enzyme engineering: performance optimization, novel sources, and applications in the food industry. Foods. 2024;13(23):3846.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2685_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang J, Ahmmed MK, Regenstein JM, Wu H. (2024) \u2018Recent advances of recycling proteins from seafood by-products: industrial applications, challenges, and breakthroughs\u2019. Trends Food Sci Technol, p. 104533.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104533"},{"key":"2685_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125125","volume":"332","author":"P Geada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Geada P, Moreira C, Silva M, Nunes R, Madureira L, Rocha CM, Pereira RN, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA. Algal proteins: production strategies and nutritional and functional properties. Bioresour Technol. 2021;332:125125.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"2685_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraj S, Bains A, Sharma M, Chawla P, Sridhar K. (2023) \u2018Freshwater edible algae polysaccharides: A recent overview of novel extraction technologies, characterization, and future food applications\u2019. J Polym Environ, pp. 1\u201325.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-023-03049-9"},{"key":"2685_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muniglia L, Claisse N, Baudelet PH, Ricochon G. Enzymatic aqueous extraction (EAE). Alternative solvents for natural products extraction. Springer; 2014. pp. 167\u2013204.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43628-8_8"},{"key":"2685_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2023.101203","volume":"35","author":"S Mathur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mathur S, Kumar D, Kumar V, Dantas A, Verma R, Kuca K. Xylitol: production strategies with emphasis on biotechnological approach, scale-up, and market trends. Sustainable Chem Pharm. 2023;35:101203.","journal-title":"Sustainable Chem Pharm"},{"issue":"11","key":"2685_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13111713","volume":"13","author":"F Herzyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Herzyk F, Pi\u0142akowska-Pietras D, Korzeniowska M. Supercritical extraction techniques for obtaining biologically active substances from a variety of plant byproducts. Foods. 2024;13(11):1713.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2685_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.12.018","volume":"100","author":"T Belwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belwal T, Ezzat SM, Rastrelli L, Bhatt ID, Daglia M, Baldi A, Devkota HP, Orhan IE, Patra JK, Das G, Anandharamakrishnan C. A critical analysis of extraction techniques used for botanicals: trends, priorities, industrial uses, and optimization strategies. TRAC Trends Anal Chem. 2018;100:82\u2013102.","journal-title":"TRAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17010118","volume":"17","author":"H Duman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duman H, Bechelany M, Karav S. Human milk oligosaccharides: decoding their structural variability, health benefits, and the evolution of infant nutrition. Nutrients. 2024;17(1):118.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2685_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou X, Ding W, Jin W. Microwave-assisted extraction of lipids, carotenoids, and other compounds from marine resources. Innovative and emerging technologies in the bio-marine food sector. Academic; 2022. pp. 375\u201394.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820096-4.00012-2"},{"key":"2685_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.02.131","volume":"367","author":"KW Chew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chew KW, Chia SR, Lee SY, Zhu L, Show PL. Enhanced microalgal protein extraction and purification using sustainable microwave-assisted multiphase partitioning technique. Chem Eng J. 2019;367:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"2685_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thilakan MLJ, Amsaveni S, Dharani G. Microwave pretreatment: A promising strategy to improve the clean extraction yield of microalgae-based products. Algal bioreactors. Elsevier Science Ltd; 2025. pp. 233\u201347.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-14059-4.00011-8"},{"issue":"12","key":"2685_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3390\/md22120538","volume":"22","author":"G Bermudez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bermudez G, Terenzi C, Medri F, Andrisano V, Montanari S. Extraction and analytical methods for the characterization of polyphenols in marine microalgae: A review. Mar Drugs. 2024;22(12):538.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"2685_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2023.124147","volume":"320","author":"YP Didion","year":"2023","unstructured":"Didion YP, Tjalsma TG, Su Z, Malankowska M, Pinelo M. What is next? The greener future of solid-liquid extraction of biobased compounds: novel techniques and solvents overpower traditional ones. Sep Purif Technol. 2023;320:124147.","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ijpc.20190502.12","volume":"5","author":"M Mahali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahali M, Sibi G. Extraction methods and functional properties of protein from Arthospira platensis for bioavailability of algal proteins. Int J Pharm Chem. 2019;5(2):20.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Chem"},{"key":"2685_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.03.016","volume":"123","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Yang J, Shen M, Chen Y, Yu Q, Xie J. Structure, function and advance application of microwave-treated polysaccharide: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022;123:198\u2013209.","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2685_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-023-03192-0","volume":"17","author":"DL Nonglait","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nonglait DL, Gokhale JS. Review insights on the demand for natural pigments and their recovery by emerging microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Food Bioprocess Technol. 2024;17(7):1681\u2013705.","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2012.10.001","volume":"2","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Theegala C. Microwave-assisted lipid extraction from microalgae using biodiesel as co-solvent. Algal Res. 2013;2(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"2685_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4140","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25184140","volume":"25","author":"J Michalak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michalak J, Czarnowska-Kujawska M, Klepacka J, Gujska E. Effect of microwave heating on the acrylamide formation in foods. Molecules. 2020;25(18):4140.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SE00236J","volume":"2","author":"SC Pierobon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pierobon SC, Cheng X, Graham PJ, Nguyen B, Karakolis EG, Sinton D. Emerging microalgae technology: A review. Sustainable Energy Fuels. 2018;2(1):13\u201338.","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Fuels"},{"key":"2685_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111338","volume":"157","author":"R Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar R, Hegde AS, Sharma K, Parmar P, Srivatsan V. Microalgae as a sustainable source of edible proteins and bioactive peptides\u2014Current trends and future prospects. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111338.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2685_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-022-00262-w","volume":"32","author":"R Anand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anand R, Mohan L, Bharadvaja N. Disease prevention and treatment using \u03b2-carotene: the ultimate provitamin A. Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia. 2022;32(4):491\u2013501.","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia"},{"key":"2685_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazir M, Abuhassira Y, Robin A, Nahor O, Luo J, Israel A, Golberg A, Livney YD. (2019) \u2018Extraction of proteins from two marine macroalgae, Ulva sp. and Gracilaria sp., for food application, and evaluating digestibility, amino acid composition and antioxidant properties of the protein concentrates\u2019, Food Hydrocolloids, 87, pp. 194\u2013203.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.07.047"},{"issue":"6","key":"2685_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60702J","volume":"5","author":"M Minekus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Minekus M, Alminger M, Alvito P, Ballance S, Bohn T, Bourlieu C, Carri\u00e8re F, Boutrou R, Corredig M, Dupont D, Dufour C. A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food\u2014An international consensus. Food Funct. 2014;5(6):1113\u201324.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"2685_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19328","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75289-x","volume":"10","author":"PK Sarker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarker PK, Kapuscinski AR, McKuin B, Fitzgerald DS, Nash HM, Greenwood C. Microalgae-blend tilapia feed eliminates fishmeal and fish oil, improves growth, and is cost viable. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):19328.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2685_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.13472","volume":"173","author":"K Skj\u00e5nes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Skj\u00e5nes K, Aesoy R, Herfindal L, Skomedal H. Bioactive peptides from microalgae: focus on anti-cancer and Immunomodulating activity. Physiol Plant. 2021;173(2):612\u201323.","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"key":"2685_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110613","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1110613","volume":"10","author":"A Bakhsh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bakhsh A, Park J, Baritugo KA, Kim B, Moon S, Rahman S, A. and, Park S. A holistic approach toward development of plant-based meat alternatives through incorporation of novel microalgae-based ingredients. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1110613.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"2685_CR124","first-page":"100047","volume":"3","author":"DE Cruz-Casas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cruz-Casas DE, Aguilar CN, Ascacio-Vald\u00e9s JA, Rodr\u00edguez-Herrera R, Ch\u00e1vez-Gonz\u00e1lez ML, Flores-Gallegos AC. Enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation: the most favorable biotechnological methods for the release of bioactive peptides. Food Chemistry: Mol Sci. 2021;3:100047.","journal-title":"Food Chemistry: Mol Sci"},{"key":"2685_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.135132","volume":"407","author":"S Beaubier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beaubier S, Pineda-Vadillo C, Mesieres O, Framboisier X, Galet O, Kapel R. Improving the in vitro digestibility of rapeseed albumins resistant to Gastrointestinal proteolysis while preserving the functional properties using enzymatic hydrolysis. Food Chem. 2023;407:135132.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"2685_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.102056","volume":"51","author":"MC Depra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Depra MC, Severo IA, dos Santos AM, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E. Environmental impacts on commercial microalgae-based products: sustainability metrics and indicators. Algal Res. 2020;51:102056.","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"2685_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarker NK, Kaparaju P. (2024) \u2018Microalgal bioeconomy: A green economy approach towards achieving sustainable development goals\u2019. Sustainability, 16(24).","DOI":"10.3390\/su162411218"},{"key":"2685_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13050733","volume":"13","author":"OK Mosibo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mosibo OK, Ferrentino G, Udenigwe CC. Microalgae proteins as sustainable ingredients in novel foods: recent developments and challenges. Foods. 2024;13:733.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"2685_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.104278","volume":"143","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang S, Wang Y, Wang J, Cheng K, Liu J, He Y, Zhang Y, Mou H, Sun H. Microalgal protein for sustainable and nutritious foods: A joint analysis of environmental impacts, health benefits and consumer\u2019s acceptance. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2024;143:104278.","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2685_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3002","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10123002","volume":"10","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tibbetts SM, McGinn PJ. Microalgae as sources of high-quality protein for human food and protein supplements. Foods. 2021;10(12):3002.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2685_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12739","volume":"20","author":"H Kamal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kamal H, Le CF, Salter AM, Ali A. Extraction of protein from food waste: an overview of current status and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021;20(3):2455\u201375.","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf"},{"key":"2685_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158689","volume":"854","author":"AG Olabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olabi AG, Shehata N, Sayed ET, Rodriguez C, Anyanwu RC, Russell C, Abdelkareem MA. Role of microalgae in achieving sustainable development goals and circular economy. Sci Total Environ. 2023;854:158689.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2685_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.08.042","volume":"81","author":"ES Shuba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shuba ES, Kifle D. Microalgae to biofuels: promising alternative and renewable energy, review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2018;81:743\u201355.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccst.2021.100007","volume":"1","author":"H Onyeaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Onyeaka H, Miri T, Obileke K, Hart A, Anumudu C, Al-Sharify ZT. Minimizing carbon footprint via microalgae as a biological capture. Carbon Capture Sci Technol. 2021;1:100007.","journal-title":"Carbon Capture Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2685_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200177","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.202200177","volume":"7","author":"Y Eilam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae\u2014Sustainable source for alternative proteins and functional ingredients promoting gut and liver health. Global Challenges. 2023;7(5):2200177.","journal-title":"Global Challenges"},{"key":"2685_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2015.05.013","volume":"101","author":"SE Taelman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taelman SE, De Meester S, Van Dijk W, Da Silva V, Dewulf J. Environmental sustainability analysis of a protein-rich livestock feed ingredient in the Netherlands: microalgae production versus soybean import. Resour Conserv Recycl. 2015;101:61\u201372.","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"key":"2685_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.112041","volume":"157","author":"B Khoshnevisan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khoshnevisan B, He L, Xu M, Valverde-P\u00e9rez B, Sillman J, Mitraka GC, Kougias PG, Zhang Y, Yan S, Ji L, Carbajales-Dale M. From renewable energy to sustainable protein sources: advancement, challenges, and future roadmaps. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2022;157:112041.","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"2685_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2020.101340","volume":"21","author":"DV Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh DV, Bhat RA, Upadhyay AK, Singh R, Singh DP. Microalgae in aquatic environs: A sustainable approach for remediation of heavy metals and emerging contaminants. Environ Technol Innov. 2021;21:101340.","journal-title":"Environ Technol Innov"},{"key":"2685_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2022.127329","volume":"357","author":"PL Show","year":"2022","unstructured":"Show PL. Global market and economic analysis of microalgae technology: status and perspectives. Bioresour Technol. 2022;357:127329.","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2685_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-020-00843-6","volume":"12","author":"L Bhatia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatia L, Bachheti RK, Garlapati VK, Chandel AK. Third-generation biorefineries: A sustainable platform for food, clean energy, and nutraceuticals production. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. 2022;12(9):4215\u201330.","journal-title":"Biomass Convers Biorefinery"},{"issue":"02","key":"2685_CR141","first-page":"016","volume":"7","author":"OB Akintuyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akintuyi OB. Adaptive AI in precision agriculture: A review: investigating the use of self-learning algorithms in optimizing farm operations based on real-time data. Res J Multidisciplinary Stud. 2024;7(02):016\u201330.","journal-title":"Res J Multidisciplinary Stud"},{"key":"2685_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.024","volume":"688","author":"G Yadav","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yadav G, Dash SK, Sen R. A biorefinery for valorization of industrial waste-water and flue gas by microalgae for waste mitigation, carbon-dioxide sequestration and algal biomass production. Sci Total Environ. 2019;688:129\u201335.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2685_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.039","volume":"229","author":"M Musa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Musa M, Doshi A, Brown R, Rainey TJ. Microalgae dewatering for biofuels: A comparative techno-economic assessment using single and two-stage technologies. J Clean Prod. 2019;229:325\u201336.","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"2685_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-016-9408-8","volume":"15","author":"MA Alam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alam MA, Vandamme D, Chun W, Zhao X, Foubert I, Wang Z, Muylaert K, Yuan Z. Bioflocculation as an innovative harvesting strategy for microalgae. Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology. 2016;15:573\u201383.","journal-title":"Reviews Environ Sci Bio\/Technology"},{"key":"2685_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aryanti PTP, Nugroho FA, Phalakornkule C, Kadier A. (2024) \u2018Energy efficiency in electrocoagulation processes for sustainable water and wastewater treatment\u2019. J Environ Chem Eng, p. 114124.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114124"},{"key":"2685_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farid MS, Anjum R, Yang Y, Tu M, Zhang T, Pan D, Sun Y, Wu Z. (2024) \u2018Recent trends in fermented plant-based analogues and products, bioactive peptides, and novel technologies-assisted fermentation\u2019. Trends Food Sci Technol, p. 104529.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104529"},{"issue":"18","key":"2685_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14085","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00757","volume":"122","author":"R Qing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qing R, Hao S, Smorodina E, Jin D, Zalevsky A, Zhang S. Protein design: from the aspect of water solubility and stability. Chem Rev. 2022;122(18):14085\u2013179.","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"31","key":"2685_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11375","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2237586","volume":"64","author":"J Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou J, Wang M, Grimi N, Dar BN, Calvo-Lerma J, Barba FJ. Research progress in microalgae nutrients: emerging extraction and purification technologies, digestive behavior, and potential effects on human gut. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(31):11375\u201395.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"2685_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144505","volume":"766","author":"ET Sayed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sayed ET, Wilberforce T, Elsaid K, Rabaia MKH, Abdelkareem MA, Chae KJ, Olabi AG. A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal. Sci Total Environ. 2021;766:144505.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2685_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.115826","volume":"255","author":"F Javed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javed F, Aslam M, Rashid N, Shamair Z, Khan AL, Yasin M, Fazal T, Hafeez A, Rehman F, Rehman MSU, Khan Z. Microalgae-based biofuels, resource recovery and wastewater treatment: A pathway towards sustainable biorefinery. Fuel. 2019;255:115826.","journal-title":"Fuel"}],"container-title":["Microbial Cell Factories"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T10:47:16Z","timestamp":1741603636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12934-025-02685-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2859","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional Review Board Statement"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}],"article-number":"61"}}