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One of the most significant specialized metabolites (SMs) produced by various\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      species is the unsaturated lactone 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP). Although first identified more than 50 years ago and having pronounced antifungal and plant growth-promoting properties, the biosynthetic pathway of 6-PP still remains unresolved.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we demonstrate that 6-PP is biosynthesized via the polyketide biosynthesis pathway. We identified Pks1, an iterative type I polyketide synthase, as crucial for its biosynthesis in\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma atroviride<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a species recognized for its prominent 6-PP production abilities. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that the\n                      <jats:italic>pks1<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene is part of a biosynthetic gene cluster conserved in those\n                      <jats:italic>Trichoderma<\/jats:italic>\n                      species that are known to produce 6-PP. Deletion of\n                      <jats:italic>pks1<\/jats:italic>\n                      caused a complete loss of 6-PP production in\n                      <jats:italic>T. atroviride<\/jats:italic>\n                      and a significant reduction in antifungal activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Botrytis cinerea<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Rhizoctonia solani<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Surprisingly, the absence of\n                      <jats:italic>pks1<\/jats:italic>\n                      led to enhanced lateral root formation in\n                      <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                      during interaction with\n                      <jats:italic>T. atroviride<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Transcriptomic analysis revealed co-regulation of\n                      <jats:italic>pks1<\/jats:italic>\n                      with adjacent genes, including candidates coding for a C3H1-type zinc finger protein and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase, suggesting coordination between 6-PP biosynthesis and environmental response mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings establish\n                      <jats:italic>pks1<\/jats:italic>\n                      as an essential gene for 6-PP biosynthesis in\n                      <jats:italic>T. atroviride<\/jats:italic>\n                      , providing novel insights into the production of one of the most significant compounds of this mycoparasite. These findings may pave the way for the development of improved biocontrol agents and the application of 6-PP as potent biopesticide contributing to an eco-friendly and sustainable way of plant disease management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-025-02718-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T23:27:36Z","timestamp":1745191656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Linking a polyketide synthase gene cluster to 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone, a Trichoderma metabolite with diverse bioactivities"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Flatschacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Eschlb\u00f6ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siebe","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Doppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Ruzsanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Gr\u00fcndlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"B\u00fcschl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Schuhmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Zeilinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, et al. 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