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This study evaluates fish gut waste (FGW) as a low-cost, renewable substrate for producing antifungal peptides through the proteolytic activity of <jats:italic>Serratia liquefaciens<\/jats:italic> NRC1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Optimization of protease production using statistical designs resulted in a fourfold increase in enzyme yield. The protease demonstrated stability at neutral pH and moderate temperatures (40\u201350\u00a0\u00b0C), and efficiently hydrolyzed complex proteins such as collagen and keratin. Peptides generated from FGW hydrolysis exhibited significant antifungal activity against <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>), with a MIC\u2085\u2080 of 5.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0mg\/ml. Unlike fluconazole, repeated peptide exposure did not induce resistance, nor did it alter the expression levels of key resistance genes (<jats:italic>CDR1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> ERG11<\/jats:italic>), as confirmed by qRT-PCR. Peptide profiling using MALDI-TOF\/MS, coupled with in silico analysis via AMPfun, identified multiple candidates with predicted antifungal properties.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This research highlights the potential of fish gut waste-derived peptides as a sustainable and effective antifungal strategy against <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic>, offering an alternative to conventional antifungal drugs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-025-02767-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T04:36:52Z","timestamp":1751431012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protease production by Serratia liquefaciens NRC1 using fish gut waste as a sustainable approach to antimicrobial peptide generation and combating Candida auris acquired resistance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shaymaa A.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba M.","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahgat","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coppola D, Lauritano C, Palma Esposito F, Riccio G, Rizzo C, de Pascale D. 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