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Biological upgrading of lignin-derived aromatics can lead to more comprehensive lignocellulose utilization, thereby enhancing the overall feasibility of production. However, exploring a broader range of potential microbial hosts, pathways, and enzymes is crucial for developing efficient conversion processes. In particular, improving the conversion of S-lignin-related aromatics, such as syringate, remains a key area for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we aimed to investigate the conversion of S-lignin-related syringate in\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baylyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADP1 by exploiting its native vanillate demethylase, VanAB. We discovered that the wild-type strain can efficiently\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -demethylate syringate to 3-\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -methylgallate (3MGA) and then to gallate, revealing a previously unknown activity of VanAB of\n                      <jats:italic>A. baylyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADP1. Conversion dynamics and in vitro characterization showed that VanAB prefers syringate as a substrate over 3MGA. Overexpression of\n                      <jats:italic>vanAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      resulted in simultaneous conversion of syringate and 3MGA, but negatively impacted growth, potentially due to toxic side product formaldehyde and redox imbalance caused by high NADH consumption of the\n                      <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                      -demethylation reactions. Native\n                      <jats:italic>vanAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression resulted in 3MGA accumulation if syringate was available. We took advantage of this by constructing a strain with heterologous expression of\n                      <jats:italic>galA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a gallate dioxygenase from\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n                      KT2440, and demonstrated the conversion of the intermediate 3MGA into 2-pyrone-4,6,-dicarboxylate (PDC), a precursor for high-quality polyesters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we discovered a previously unknown activity of syringate conversion in\n                      <jats:italic>A. baylyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADP1. By adjusting the expression level of\n                      <jats:italic>vanAB<\/jats:italic>\n                      , syringate can be directed either into gallate or 3MGA, which could be further converted into PDC through the heterologous expression of\n                      <jats:italic>galA.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Our results further highlight the potential and versatility of\n                      <jats:italic>A. baylyi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ADP1 for the conversion and upgrading of lignin-related aromatic compounds.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-025-02839-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:48:20Z","timestamp":1759157300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Conversion and upgrading of syringate by Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7747-4628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Tuomela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Koivisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0448-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Efimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suvi","family":"Santala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2839_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111674","volume":"152","author":"TDH Bugg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bugg TDH, Williamson JJ, Alberti F. 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