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This study investigates the potential of a novel endophytic yeast,\n                      <jats:italic>Clavispora lusitaniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , to produce cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO\u2082NPs) and evaluates their efficacy against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An endophytic yeast,\n                      <jats:italic>C. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , was isolated for the first time from the medicinal plant Artemisia judaica and employed for the biosynthesis of CeO\u2082NPs, followed by surface capping with ethylene glycol (EG) to modify the nanoparticle surface properties. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and DLS. These analyses confirmed the formation of spherical EG-CeO\u2082NPs with an average size of 8\u201320\u00a0nm. EG-CeO\u2082NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against XDR\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, with a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.6 to 1.25\u00a0mg\/mL. Furthermore, these nanoparticles demonstrated potent anti-biofilm efficacy, achieving reductions of up to 89%. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that EG-CeO\u2082NPs disrupt bacterial cell membranes, leading to intracellular protein leakage and elevated lipid peroxidation (indicated by increased malondialdehyde levels). Furthermore, the expression levels of quorum sensing (e.g., lasR and rhlR) and virulence-associated genes (e.g., toxA and exoS) were markedly downregulated by up to 87% compared to untreated controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study establishes\n                      <jats:italic>C. lusitaniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a robust microbial cell factory for synthesizing functionalized CeO\u2082NPs with potent activity against XDR\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Our results demonstrate the potential of microbial bioprocessing in engineering prospective nanotechnological platforms to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, further studies evaluating colloidal behavior under physiologically relevant conditions, mammalian-cell cytotoxicity, and in vivo efficacy are required before biomedical translation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-026-03091-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:55:55Z","timestamp":1787244955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Harnessing the endophytic Clavispora lusitaniae for the biogenic synthesis of ethylene glycol-capped cerium oxide nanoparticles: a green approach to combat respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hoda S.","family":"Nouh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nessma A.","family":"El-Zawawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimaa","family":"El-Sapagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim M.","family":"Shalamesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally M.","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.04.011","volume":"48","author":"J-Y Maillard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maillard J-Y, Bloomfield SF, Courvalin P, Essack SY, Gandra S, Gerba CP, et al. 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