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C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcumin and its derivatives, like synthetic cyclic C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcuminoids, are promising anticancer compounds with exceptional pharmacokinetic profiles compared to curcumin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To demonstrate their anticancer activities, we tested six novel synthetic cyclic C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcuminoids on HeLa, HEC-1A, and T24 tumor cell lines. This investigation focused on ferroptosis and apoptosis, two types of programmed cell death. Ferroptosis-related genes were investigated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The total iron content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, and thiol concentrations were measured to determine ferroptosis. Cytochrome c levels and caspase-3 activity were measured to monitor the apoptosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study of six synthetic cyclic C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcuminoids revealed that their effects on HeLa cells differed from those on HEC-1A and T24 cells, indicating distinct mechanisms of action. Compound 4 notably increased iron accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while decreasing antioxidant defenses in all three carcinoma cell lines, suggesting a ferroptotic response. In contrast, compound 9 was successful in activating caspase-3 in carcinoma cells and inducing apoptosis in the COS-1 control cell line. Notably, compound 4 did not enhance caspase-3 activity in the control cell line. These results highlight compound 4 as a possible synthetic cyclic C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcuminoid for the three cancerous cell lines tested.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regarding the distinct effects of the examined synthetic cyclic C\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      -curcuminoids on the three cancer cell types, we hypothesize that their mechanisms of action are different and that divergent target molecules and\/or signaling pathways may be involved. However, compounds 4 and 9\u00a0were efficient against the three carcinoma cell lines. Further examination of the possible targets could help elucidate which compounds are more suitable for consideration as potential antitumor drug candidates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-025-04077-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T12:49:04Z","timestamp":1764766144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel cyclic C5-curcuminoids possess anticancer activities against HeLa cervix carcinoma, HEC-1A adenocarcinoma, and T24 bladder carcinoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Edina","family":"Pandur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gy\u0151z\u0151","family":"Kulcs\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gergely","family":"Guly\u00e1s-Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katalin","family":"Sipos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4077_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization: World Cancer Report 2022 [Internet]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cancer. 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