{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:47:18Z","timestamp":1789901238421,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1121-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]],"date-time":"2016-02-09T09:07:35Z","timestamp":1455008855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Estimating malaria transmission intensity from Plasmodium falciparum serological data using antibody density models"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Pothin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris J.","family":"Drakeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra C.","family":"Ghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1121_CR1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2014","author":"WHO","year":"2014","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"1121_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-378","volume":"10","author":"PW Gething","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gething PW, Patil AP, Smith DL, Guerra CA, Elyazar IRF, Johnston GL, et al. A new world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2010. Malar J. 2011;10:378.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR3","unstructured":"Malaria Indicators Surveys [ http:\/\/www.malariasurveys.org ]."},{"key":"1121_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-222","volume":"12","author":"AR Oduro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oduro AR, Conway DJ, Schellenberg D, Satoguina J, Greenwood BM, Bojang KA. Seroepidemiological and parasitological evaluation of the heterogeneity of malaria infection in the Gambia. Malar J. 2013;12:222.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071755","volume":"38","author":"A Voller","year":"1982","unstructured":"Voller A, Draper CC. Immunodiagnosis and sero-epidemiology of malaria. Br Med Bull. 1982;38:173\u20137.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"1121_CR6","first-page":"883","volume":"39","author":"A Voller","year":"1968","unstructured":"Voller A, Bruce-Chwatt LJ. Serological malaria surveys in Nigeria. Bull World Health Organ. 1968;39:883\u201397.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1121_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)92361-1","volume":"2","author":"LJ Bruce-Chwatt","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bruce-Chwatt LJ, Draper CC, Konfortion P, Drapper CC. Sero-epidemiological evidence of eradication of malaria from Mauritius. Lancet. 1973;2:547\u201351.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1121_CR8","first-page":"355","volume":"54","author":"P Ambroise-Thomas","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ambroise-Thomas P, Wernsdorfer WH, Grab B, Cullen J, Bertagna P. Etude sero-seropidemiologique longitudinale sur le paludisme en Tunisie. Bull World Health Organ. 1976;54:355\u201367.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1121_CR9","first-page":"429","volume":"58","author":"A Voller","year":"1980","unstructured":"Voller A, Storey J, Molineaux L. A longitudinal study of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the West African savanna using the ELISA technique. World Health. 1980;58:429\u201338.","journal-title":"World Health"},{"key":"1121_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408725102","volume":"102","author":"CJ Drakeley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Drakeley CJ, Corran PH, Coleman PG, Tongren JE, McDonald SL, Carneiro I, et al. Estimating medium- and long-term trends in malaria transmission by using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:5108\u201313.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1121_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.08.023","volume":"23","author":"PH Corran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corran PH, Coleman PG, Riley E, Drakeley CJ. Serology: a robust indicator of malaria transmission intensity? Trends Parasitol. 2007;23:575\u201382.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1121_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006340","volume":"134","author":"AJ Vyse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vyse AJ, Gay NJ, Hesketh LM, Pebody R, Morgan-Capner P, Miller E. Interpreting serological surveys using mixture models: the seroepidemiology of measles, mumps and rubella in England and Wales at the beginning of the 21st century. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134:1303\u201312.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1121_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(01)00500-2","volume":"259","author":"A Irion","year":"2002","unstructured":"Irion A, Beck HP, Smith TA. Assessment of positivity in immuno-assays with variability in background measurements: a new approach applied to the antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum MSP2. J Immunol Methods. 2002;259:111\u20138.","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"1121_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-21","volume":"12","author":"MT Bretscher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bretscher MT, Supargiyono S, Wijayanti MA, Nugraheni D, Widyastuti AN, Lobo NF, et al. Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity using serological cohort data from Indonesian schoolchildren. Malar J. 2013;12:21.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1086\/429669","volume":"191","author":"CJ Drakeley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Drakeley CJ, Carneiro I, Reyburn H, Malima R, Lusingu JPA, Cox J, et al. Altitude-dependent and -independent variations in Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in northeastern Tanzania. J Infect Dis. 2005;191:1589\u201398.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1121_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90176-6","volume":"1","author":"LJ Bruce-Chwatt","year":"1972","unstructured":"Bruce-Chwatt LJ, Dodge JS, Draper CC, Topley E, Voller A. Sero-epidemiological studies on population groups previously exposed to malaria. Lancet. 1972;1:512\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1121_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05961-11","volume":"80","author":"EH Clark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark EH, Silva CJ, Weiss GE, Li S, Padilla C, Crompton PD, et al. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Peruvian Amazon, a region of low transmission, is associated with immunologic memory. Infect Immun. 2012;80:1583\u201392.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1121_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00172-08","volume":"15","author":"DE Arnot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arnot DE, Cavanagh DR, Remarque EJ, Creasey AM, Sowa MPK, Morgan WD, et al. Comparative testing of six antigen-based malaria vaccine candidates directed toward merozoite-stage Plasmodium falciparum. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2008;15:1345\u201355.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"1121_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir223","volume":"204","author":"B Greenhouse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenhouse B, Ho B, Hubbard A, Njama-Meya D, Narum DL, Lanar DE, et al. Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens predict a higher risk of malaria but protection from symptoms once parasitemic. J Infect Dis. 2011;204:19\u201326.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1121_CR20","unstructured":"Press WH, Teukolsky S, Vetterling W, Flannery B. Numerical recipes in C: the art of Scientific Computing. 1992."},{"key":"1121_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilks WR, Richardson S, Spiegelhalter DJ. Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice. Chapman & Hall; 1996:486.","DOI":"10.1201\/b14835"},{"key":"1121_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1015346320","volume":"16","author":"GO Roberts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roberts GO, Rosenthal JS. Optimal scaling for various Metropolis\u2013Hastings algorithms. Stat Sci. 2001;16:351\u201367.","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"1121_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674428928","volume-title":"Catalytic Models in Epidemiology","author":"H Muench","year":"1959","unstructured":"Muench H. Catalytic Models in Epidemiology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1959."},{"key":"1121_CR24","first-page":"706","volume":"40","author":"AR B\u00f8dker","year":"2003","unstructured":"B\u00f8dker AR, Akida J, Shayo D, Kisinza W, Msangeni HA, Lindsay SW. Relationship between altitude and intensity of malaria transmission in the Usambara Mountains. Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;40:706\u201317.","journal-title":"Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1121_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-2-28","volume":"2","author":"CA Maxwell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maxwell CA, Chambo W, Mwaimu M, Magogo F, Carneiro IA, Curtis CF. Variation of malaria transmission and morbidity with altitude in Tanzania and with introduction of alphacypermethrin treated nets. Malar J. 2003;2:28.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR26","first-page":"580","volume":"43","author":"AMA Kulkarni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kulkarni AMA, Kweka E, Nyale E, Lyatuu E, Chandramohan D, Rau ME, et al. Entomological evaluation of malaria vectors at different altitudes in Hai District. Northeastern Tanzania. J Med Entomol. 2006;43:580\u20138.","journal-title":"Northeastern Tanzania. J Med Entomol"},{"key":"1121_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6083","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006083","volume":"4","author":"L Stewart","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stewart L, Gosling R, Griffin J, Gesase S, Campo J, Hashim R, et al. Rapid assessment of malaria transmission using age-specific sero-conversion rates. PLoS One. 2009;4:e6083.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1121_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70069-0","volume":"8","author":"SI Hay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hay SI, Smith DL, Snow RW. Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:369\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1121_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.07.002","volume":"24","author":"BM Greenwood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenwood BM. Control to elimination: implications for malaria research. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24:449\u201354.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1121_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61654-2","volume":"372","author":"SJ Ceesay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ceesay SJ, Casals-Pascual C, Erskine J, Anya SE, Duah NO, Fulford AJ, et al. Changes in malaria indices between 1999 and 2007 in The Gambia: a retrospective analysis. Lancet. 2008;372:1545\u201354.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1121_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61655-4","volume":"372","author":"WP O\u2019Meara","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Meara WP, Bejon P, Mwangi TW, Okiro EA, Peshu N, Snow RW, et al. Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya. Lancet. 2008;372:1555\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1121_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394303-3.00010-4","volume":"78","author":"RW Snow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snow RW, Amratia P, Kabaria CW, Noor AM, Marsh K. The changing limits and incidence of malaria in Africa: 1939\u20132009. Adv Parasitol. 2012;78:169\u2013262.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"1121_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1086\/652456","volume":"201","author":"T Bousema","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bousema T, Drakeley C, Gesase S, Hashim R, Magesa S, Mosha F, et al. Identification of hot spots of malaria transmission for targeted malaria control. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1764\u201374.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1121_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001165","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001165","volume":"9","author":"JT Bousema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bousema JT, Griffin JT, Sauerwein RW, Smith DL, Churcher TS, Takken W, et al. Hitting hotspots: spatial targeting of malaria for control and elimination. PLoS Med. 2012;9:e1001165.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1121_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-78","volume":"5","author":"KC Ernst","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ernst KC, Adoka SO, Kowuor DO, Wilson ML, John CC. Malaria hotspot areas in a highland Kenya site are consistent in epidemic and non-epidemic years and are associated with ecological factors. Malar J. 2006;5:78.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000400","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000400","volume":"8","author":"The malERA Consultative group on Monitoring","year":"2011","unstructured":"The malERA Consultative group on Monitoring. Evaluation and Surveillance: a research agenda for malaria eradication: monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1000400.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1121_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-195","volume":"7","author":"PH Corran","year":"2008","unstructured":"Corran PH, Cook J, Lynch C, Leendertse H, Manjurano A, Griffin J, et al. Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies. Malar J. 2008;7:195.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1086\/432519","volume":"77","author":"DP Kwiatkowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kwiatkowski DP. How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria. Am J Hum Genet. 2005;77:171\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"1121_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000324","volume":"7","author":"JT Griffin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Griffin JT, Hollingsworth TD, Okell LC, Churcher TS, White M, Hinsley W, et al. Reducing Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa: a model-based evaluation of intervention strategies. PLoS Med. 2010;7:e1000324.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1121_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-7-159","volume":"7","author":"AM Noor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Noor AM, Clements AC, Gething PW, Moloney G, Borle M, Shewchuk T, et al. Spatial prediction of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in Somalia. Malar J. 2008;7:159.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-98","volume":"5","author":"MJAM Oesterholt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oesterholt MJAM, Bousema JT, Mwerinde OK, Harris C, Lushino P, Masokoto A, et al. Spatial and temporal variation in malaria transmission in a low endemicity area in northern Tanzania. Malar J. 2006;5:98.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-108","volume":"9","author":"N Steenkeste","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steenkeste N, Rogers WO, Okell L, Jeanne I, Incardona S, Duval L, et al. Sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in Rattanakiri province, Cambodia: implication for malaria elimination. Malar J. 2010;9:108.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-254","volume":"9","author":"I Harris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris I, Sharrock WW, Bain LM, Gray K-A, Bobogare A, Boaz L, et al. A large proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with low and sub-microscopic parasite densities in the low transmission setting of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands: challenges for malaria diagnostics in an elimination setting. Malar J. 2010;9:254.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25137","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025137","volume":"6","author":"J Cook","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cook J, Kleinschmidt I, Schwabe C, Nseng G, Bousema T, Corran PH, et al. Serological markers suggest heterogeneity of effectiveness of malaria control interventions on Bioko Island, equatorial Guinea. PLoS One. 2011;6:e25137.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1121_CR45","unstructured":"Molineaux L, Gramiccia G. The Garki Project: Research on the Epidemiology and Control of Malaria in the Sudan Savanna of West Africa. Chap 10."},{"key":"1121_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook J, Reid H, Iavro J, Kuwahata M, Taleo G, Clements A, et al. Using serological measures to monitor changes in malaria transmission in Vanuatu. Malar J. 2010:1\u201315.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-169"},{"key":"1121_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0868-z","volume":"14","author":"K Kerkhof","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kerkhof K, Canier L, Kim S, Heng S, Sochantha T, Sovannaroth S, et al. Implementation and application of a multiplex assay to detect malaria-specific antibodies: a promising tool for assessing malaria transmission in Southeast Asian pre-elimination areas. Malar J. 2015;14:338.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.090732","volume":"16","author":"T Bousema","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bousema T, Youssef RM, Cook J, Cox J, Alegana VA, Amran J, et al. Serologic markers for detecting malaria in areas of low endemicity, Somalia, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16:392\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1121_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960730)15:14<1567::AID-SIM289>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"15","author":"NJ Gay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gay NJ. Analysis of serological surveys using mixture models: application to a survey of parvovirus B19. Stat Med. 1996;15:1567\u201373.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"1121_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1177\/1471082X12457495","volume":"12","author":"K Bollaerts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bollaerts K, Aerts M, Shkedy Z, Faes C, Van der Stede Y, Beutels P, Hens N. Estimating the population prevalence and force of infection directly from antibody titres. Stat Modelling. 2012;12:441\u201362.","journal-title":"Stat Modelling"},{"key":"1121_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008051","volume":"130","author":"NJ Gay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gay NJ, Vyse AJ, Enquselassie F, Nigatu W, Nokes DJ. Improving sensitivity of oral fluid testing in IgG prevalence studies: application of mixture models to a rubella antibody survey. Epidemiol Infect. 2003;130:285\u201391.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1121_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-444","volume":"12","author":"S Supargiyono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Supargiyono S, Bretscher MT, Wijayanti MA, Sutanto I, Nugraheni D, Rozqie R, et al. Seasonal changes in the antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigens in areas of differing malaria endemicity in Indonesia. Malar J. 2013;12:444.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.6.905","volume":"8","author":"RR Taylor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Taylor RR, Egan A, McGuinness D, Jepson A, Adair R, Drakeley C, et al. Selective recognition of malaria antigens by human serum antibodies is not genetically determined but demonstrates some features of clonal imprinting. Int Immunol. 1996;8:905\u201315.","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"1121_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2010.01260.x","volume":"33","author":"A Khosravi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khosravi A, Hommel M, Sayemiri K. Age-dependent antibody response to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP-2). Parasite Immunol. 2011;33:145\u201357.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"1121_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01333-07","volume":"76","author":"OJ Akpogheneta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akpogheneta OJ, Duah NO, Tetteh KA, Dunyo S, Lanar DE, Pinder M, et al. Duration of naturally acquired antibody responses to blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum is age dependent and antigen specific. Infect Immun. 2008;76:1748\u201355.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1121_CR56","first-page":"147","volume":"56","author":"P Carnevale","year":"1978","unstructured":"Carnevale P, Frezil JL, Bosseno MF, Le Pont F, Lancien J. Study of agressivity of Anopheles gambiae A in relation to age and sex of human subjects. Bull World Health Organ. 1978;56:147\u201354.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1121_CR57","unstructured":"White M. Models for measuring and predicting malaria vaccine efficacy. Thesis submitted for PhD examination Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. 2012."},{"key":"1121_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-6-82","volume":"6","author":"SM Kinyanjui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kinyanjui SM, Conway DJ, Lanar DE, Marsh K. IgG antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens in Kenyan children have a short half-life. Malar J. 2007;6:82.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1121_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.347","volume":"161","author":"DR Cavanagh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cavanagh DR, Elhassan IM, Roper C, Robinson VJ, Giha H, Holder AA, et al. A longitudinal study of type-specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein-1 in an area of unstable malaria in Sudan. J Immunol. 1998;161:347\u201359.","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1121-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T16:26:17Z","timestamp":1692203177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.malariajournal.com\/content\/15\/1\/79"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1121-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,9]]},"article-number":"79"}}