{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T03:16:48Z","timestamp":1793848608190,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["097170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["097170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1553-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T10:09:00Z","timestamp":1476785340000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Malaria investigation and treatment of children admitted to county hospitals in western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"name":"on behalf of Clinical Information Network authors","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice I.","family":"Amboko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Ayieko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morris","family":"Ogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Julius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Irimu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1553_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. World Malaria Report 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014."},{"key":"1553_CR2","volume-title":"Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook","author":"WHO","year":"2012","unstructured":"WHO. Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1553_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.10.779","volume":"89","author":"SJ Allen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Allen SJ, O\u2019Donnell A, Alexander ND, Clegg JB. Severe malaria in children in Papua New Guinea. QJM. 1996;89:779\u201388.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1553_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90423-X","volume":"90","author":"M English","year":"1996","unstructured":"English M, Punt J, Mwangi I, McHugh K, Marsh K. Clinical overlap between malaria and severe pneumonia in Africa children in hospital. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1996;90:658\u201362.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1553_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505253322102","volume":"332","author":"K Marsh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marsh K, Forster D, Waruiru C, Mwangi I, Winstanley M, Marsh V, et al. Indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1399\u2013404.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1553_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.3.577","volume":"21","author":"D Waller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Waller D, Krishna S, Crawley J, Miller K, Nosten F, Chapman D, et al. Clinical features and outcome of severe malaria in Gambian children. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:577\u201387.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1553_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61924-1","volume":"376","author":"AM Dondorp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dondorp AM, Fanello CI, Hendriksen IC, Gomes E, Seni A, Chhaganlal KD, et al. Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1647\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1553_CR8","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010."},{"key":"1553_CR9","volume-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of malaria","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1553_CR10","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation & Ministry of Medical Services. National guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria in Kenya. Division of Malaria Control. Nairobi, Kenya, 2010."},{"key":"1553_CR11","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. National guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malaria for health workers. Fourth edition. Nairobi, Kenya, 2012."},{"key":"1553_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24781","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024781","volume":"6","author":"A Nyandigisi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nyandigisi A, Memusi D, Mbithi A, Ang\u2019wa N, Shieshia M, Muturi A, et al. Malaria case-management following change of policy to universal parasitological diagnosis and targeted artemisinin-based combination therapy in Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e24781.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92782","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092782","volume":"9","author":"D Zurovac","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zurovac D, Githinji S, Memusi D, Kigen S, Machini B, Muturi A, et al. Major improvements in the quality of malaria case-management under the \u201cTest and Treat\u201d policy in Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e92782.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02118.x","volume":"13","author":"CI Chandler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chandler CI, Chonya S, Boniface G, Juma K, Reyburn H, Whitty CJ. The importance of context in malaria diagnosis and treatment decisions\u2014a quantitative analysis of observed clinical encounters in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13:1131\u201342.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"1553_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czm046","volume":"23","author":"CI Chandler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chandler CI, Mwangi R, Mbakilwa H, Olomi R, Whitty CJ, Reyburn H. Malaria overdiagnosis: is patient pressure the problem? Health Policy Plan. 2008;23:170\u20138.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"key":"1553_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.00925.x","volume":"33","author":"D Chauhan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chauhan D, Mason A. Factors affecting the uptake of new medicines in secondary care\u2014a literature review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2008;33:339\u201348. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.00925.x .","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"1553_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv028","volume":"23","author":"T Tuti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tuti T, Bitok M, Paton C, Makone B, Malla L, Muinga N, et al. Innovating to enhance clinical data management using non-commercial and open source solutions across a multi-center network supporting inpatient pediatric care and research in Kenya. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;23:184\u201392.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"1553_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-8-39","volume":"8","author":"M English","year":"2013","unstructured":"English M. Designing a theory-informed, contextually appropriate intervention strategy to improve delivery of paediatric services in Kenyan hospitals. Implement Sci. 2013;8:39. doi: 10.1186\/1748-5908-8-39 .","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1553_CR19","unstructured":"R Development Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2015."},{"key":"1553_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16408-8","volume":"363","author":"M English","year":"2004","unstructured":"English M, Esamai F, Wasunna A, Were F, Ogutu B, Wamae A, et al. Assessment of inpatient paediatric care in first referral level hospitals in 13 districts in Kenya. Lancet. 2004;363:1948\u201353.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1553_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17053","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017053","volume":"6","author":"J Achan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Achan J, Tibenderana J, Kyabayinze D, Mawejje H, Mugizi R, Mpeka B, et al. Case management of severe malaria-a forgotten practice: experiences from health facilities in Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e17053.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0389","volume":"91","author":"KE Mace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mace KE, Gueye AS, Lynch MF, Tassiba EM, Rowe AK. An evaluation of methods for assessing the quality of case management for inpatients with malaria in Benin. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;91:354\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1553_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117048","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117048","volume":"10","author":"D Gathara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gathara D, Nyamai R, Were F, Mogoa W, Karumbi J, Kihuba E, et al. Moving towards routine evaluation of quality of inpatient pediatric care in Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0117048.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001018","volume":"8","author":"P Ayieko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayieko P, Ntoburi S, Wagai J, Opondo C, Opiyo N, Migiro S, et al. A multifaceted intervention to implement guidelines and improve admission paediatric care in Kenyan district hospitals: a cluster randomised trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1001018.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1553_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0851-8","volume":"14","author":"A Sserwanga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sserwanga A, Sears D, Kapella BK, Kigozi R, Rubahika D, Staedke SG, et al. Anti-malarial prescription practices among children admitted to six public hospitals in Uganda from 2011 to 2013. Malar J. 2015;14:331.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1553_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305561","volume":"99","author":"M English","year":"2014","unstructured":"English M, Gathara D, Mwinga S, Ayieko P, Opondo C, Aluvaala J, et al. Adoption of recommended practices and basic technologies in a low-income setting. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:452\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1553_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-014-0063-9","volume":"13","author":"AP Fenny","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fenny AP, Hansen KS, Enemark U, Asante FA. Quality of uncomplicated malaria case management in Ghana among insured and uninsured patients. Int J Equity Health. 2014;13:63.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"1553_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0123283","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123283","volume":"10","author":"MK Mbonye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mbonye MK, Burnett SM, Naikoba S, Colebunders R, Wouters K, Weaver MR, et al. Malaria care in infants aged under 6 months in Uganda: an area of unmet needs! PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0123283.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001825","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001825","volume":"12","author":"HK Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li HK, Agweyu A, English M, Bejon P. An unsupported preference for intravenous antibiotics. PLoS Med. 2015;12:e1001825.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1553_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0613-7","volume":"14","author":"FM Onchiri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Onchiri FM, Pavlinac PB, Singa BO, Naulikha JM, Odundo EA, Farquhar C, et al. Frequency and correlates of malaria over-treatment in areas of differing malaria transmission: a cross-sectional study in rural Western Kenya. Malar J. 2015;14:97.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1553_CR31","first-page":"8998","volume":"7","author":"J Odaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Odaga J, Sinclair D, Lokong JA, Donegan S, Hopkins H, Garner P. Rapid diagnostic tests versus clinical diagnosis for managing people with fever in malaria endemic settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;7:8998.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1553_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-216","volume":"12","author":"MK Bouyou-Akotet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouyou-Akotet MK, Mawili-Mboumba DP, Kendjo E, Eyang Ekouma A, Abdou Raouf O, Engohang Allogho E, et al. Complicated malaria and other severe febrile illness in a pediatric ward in Libreville, Gabon. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:216.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1553_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089814","volume":"9","author":"AM Moon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moon AM, Biggs HM, Rubach MP, Crump JA, Maro VP, Saganda W, et al. Evaluation of in-hospital management for febrile illness in Northern Tanzania before and after 2010 World Health Organization Guidelines for the treatment of malaria. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e89814.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38251.658229.55","volume":"329","author":"H Reyburn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reyburn H, Mbatia R, Drakeley C, Carneiro I, Mwakasungula E, Mwerinde O, et al. Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study. BMJ. 2004;329:1212.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1553_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0016316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016316","volume":"6","author":"A Sserwanga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sserwanga A, Harris JC, Kigozi R, Menon M, Bukirwa H, Gasasira A, et al. Improved malaria case management through the implementation of a health facility-based sentinel site surveillance system in Uganda. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e0016316.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1553_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-76","volume":"10","author":"GJ Bastiaens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bastiaens GJ, Schaftenaar E, Ndaro A, Keuter M, Bousema T, Shekalaghe SA. Malaria diagnostic testing and treatment practices in three different Plasmodium falciparum transmission settings in Tanzania: before and after a government policy change. Malar J. 2011;10:76.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"1553_CR37","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. Basic pediatric protocols. Nairobi: Ministry of Health, Government of Kenya; 2012."},{"key":"1553_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hch093","volume":"97","author":"J Evans","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evans J, Adusei A, Timmann C, May J, Mack D, Agbenyega T, et al. High mortality of infant bacteraemia clinically indistinguishable from severe malaria. QJM. 2004;97:591\u20137.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1553_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00827.x","volume":"7","author":"D Chandramohan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chandramohan D, Jaffar S, Greenwood B. Use of clinical algorithms for diagnosing malaria. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7:45\u201352.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"1553_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.3.151","volume":"92","author":"JA Berkley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berkley JA, Mwangi I, Mellington F, Mwarumba S, Marsh K. Cerebral malaria versus bacterial meningitis in children with impaired consciousness. QJM. 1999;92:151\u20137.","journal-title":"QJM"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1553-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T21:26:25Z","timestamp":1498339585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1553-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-016-1553-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"article-number":"506"}}