{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:20:06Z","timestamp":1773102006271,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-2147-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T22:38:59Z","timestamp":1515105539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Submicroscopic malaria cases play role in local transmission in Trenggalek district, East Java Province, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3389-9764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heny","family":"Arwati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subagyo","family":"Yotopranoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etik Ainun","family":"Rohmah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Din","family":"Syafruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2147_CR1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia. Strategic plan 2015\u20132019. Indonesia National Malaria Control Programme. 2014."},{"key":"2147_CR2","unstructured":"Dinas Kesehatan Propinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2015. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. 2016. p 18\u20139. (In Indonesian). http:\/\/www.depkes.go.id\/resources\/download\/profil\/PROFIL_KES_PROVINSI_2015\/15_Jatim_2015.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2017."},{"key":"2147_CR3","unstructured":"Tribun Jatim.com. Trenggalek adalah Kabupaten Terakhir di Jawa Timur yang Belum Bebas Malaria, Bagaimana bisa? 2017. (In Indonesian). http:\/\/jatim.tribunnews.com\/2017\/03\/15\/trenggalek-adalah-kabupaten-terakhir-di-jawa-timur-yang-belum-bebas-malaria-bagaimana-bisa. Accessed 25 June 2017."},{"key":"2147_CR4","unstructured":"Surya. Lima Kecamatan di Trenggalek Endemis Malaria. Senin, 14 December 2009, 17:01. (In Indonesian). http:\/\/surabaya.tribunnews.com\/2009\/12\/14\/lima-kecamatan-di-trenggalek-endemis-malaria. Accessed 25 Aug 2017."},{"key":"2147_CR5","unstructured":"Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Trenggalek. Kabupaten Trenggalek dalam angka. 2014. p. 191. (In Indonesian). http:\/\/bappeda.trenggalekkab.go.id\/img_video\/997742Kabupaten-Trenggalek-Dalam-Angka-2014.pdf. Accessed 25 Aug 2017."},{"key":"2147_CR6","unstructured":"Humas Kabupaten Trenggalek. Sertifikat Eleminasi Malaria Trenggalek Tinggal Menunggu Penilaian Kemenkes. http:\/\/humassetda.trenggalekkab.go.id\/berita\/april\/751-sertifikat-eleminasi-malaria-trenggalek-tinggal-menunggu-penilaian-kemenkes. Accessed 25 Aug 2017."},{"key":"2147_CR7","unstructured":"Data Malaria of Pandean Community Health Center. Puskesmas Pandean. 2017. (In Indonesian)."},{"key":"2147_CR8","first-page":"150","volume":"49","author":"H Arwati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arwati H, Kusmartisnawati P, Dachlan YP. Asymptomatic malaria in Trenggalek District, East Java Province as revealed by microscopic examination and single step PCR. Folia Medica Indonesiana. 2013;49:150\u20134.","journal-title":"Folia Medica Indonesiana"},{"key":"2147_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/42.5.777","volume":"42","author":"SP Alves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alves SP, Gil LH, Marrelli MT, Ribola PE, Camargo EP, Pereira LH. Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium sp. as infection source for malaria vector mosquitoes in Brazilian Amazon. J Med Entomol. 2005;42:777\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2147_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1086\/644781","volume":"200","author":"LC Okell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okell LC, Ghani AC, Lyons E, Drakeley CJ. Submicroscopic infection in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2009;200:1509\u201317.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-29","volume":"11","author":"DD Laishram","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laishram DD, Sutton PL, Nanda N, Sharma VL, Sobti RC, Carlton JM. The complexities of malaria disease manifestations with a focus on asymptomatic. Malar J. 2012;11:29.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR12","unstructured":"Pemerintah Kabupaten Trenggalek. Geografi. http:\/\/www.Trenggalekkab.go.id. Accessed 20 June 2016."},{"key":"2147_CR13","volume-title":"Microscopic diagnosis of malaria","author":"WHO","year":"2010","unstructured":"WHO. Microscopic diagnosis of malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010."},{"key":"2147_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803125002535","volume":"97","author":"E Patsoula","year":"2003","unstructured":"Patsoula E, Spanakos G, Sofianatou D, Parara M, Vakalis NC. A single-step PCR-based method for the detection and differentiation of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2003;97:15\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"2147_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2987\/08-5824.1","volume":"25","author":"Y Maekawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maekawa Y, Sunahara T, Dachlan YP, Yotopranoto S, Basuki S, Uemura H, et al. First record of Anopheles balabacensis from western Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2009;25:203\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"2147_CR16","first-page":"504","volume-title":"The Anopheline mosquitoes of the Indo-Austalian region","author":"J Bonne-Wepster","year":"1953","unstructured":"Bonne-Wepster J. The Anopheline mosquitoes of the Indo-Austalian region. Amsterdam: JH De Bussy Publisher; 1953. p. 504."},{"key":"2147_CR17","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor CT, Soepanto A. Kunci bergambar nyamuk Anopheles dewasa di Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Pemberantasan Penyakit menular dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman. 1999. (In Indonesian)."},{"key":"2147_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-39","volume":"9","author":"BT Crookston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crookston BT, Alder SC, Boakye SC, Merill RM, Amuasi JH, Porucznik CA, et al. Exploring the relationship between chronic undernutrition and asymptomatic malaria in Ghanaian children. Malar J. 2010;9:39.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-3-18","volume":"3","author":"JT Bousema","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bousema JT, Gouagna LC, Drakeley CJ, Meutstege AM, Okech BA, Akim IN, et al. Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in symptomatic children in western Kenya. Malar J. 2004;3:18.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-121","volume":"5","author":"RE Coleman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coleman RE, Sattabongkot J, Promstaporm S, Maneechai N, Tippayachai B, Kengluecha A, et al. Comparison of PCR and microscopy for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum\/vivax endemic area in Thailand. Malar J. 2006;5:121.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-16","volume":"13","author":"P Starzengruber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Starzengruber P, Fuehrer HP, Ley B, Thriemer K, Swoboda P, Habler VE, et al. High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in south-eastern Bangladesh. Malar J. 2014;13:16.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-254","volume":"9","author":"I Harris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harris I, Sharrock WW, Bain LM, Gray KA, Bobogare A, Boaz L, et al. A large proportion of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with low and sub-microscopic parasite densities in the low transmission setting of Temotu Province, Solomon Islands: challenges for malaria diagnostics in an elimination setting. Malar J. 2010;9:254.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.160619","volume":"22","author":"ME Roh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roh ME, Oyet C, Orikiriza P, Wade M, Kiwanuka GN, Mwanga-Amumpaire J, et al. Asymptomatic Plasmodium\u00a0infections in children in low malaria transmission setting, Southwestern Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1494\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1519-8","volume":"15","author":"J Rek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rek J, Katrak S, Obasi H, Nayebare P, Katureebe A, Kakande E, et al. Characterizing microscopic and submicroscopic malaria parasitaemia at three sites with varied transmission intensity in Uganda. Malar J. 2016;15:470.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0821-1","volume":"14","author":"F Tadesse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tadesse F, Pett H, Baidjoe A, Lanke K, Grignard L, Sutherland C, et al. Submicroscopic carriage of\u00a0Plasmodium falciparum\u00a0and Plasmodium vivax\u00a0in a low endemic area in Ethiopia where no parasitaemia was detected by microscopy or rapid diagnostic test. Malar J. 2015;14:303.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2013.01.001","volume":"3","author":"B Dinko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dinko B, Oguike MC, Larbi JA, Bousema T, Sutherland CJ. Persistent detection of Plasmodium falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri after ACT treatment of asymptomatic Ghanaian school-children. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2013;3:45\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist"},{"key":"2147_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv475","volume":"213","author":"KM Fornace","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fornace KM, Nuin NA, Betson M, Grigg MJ, William T, Anstey NM, et al. Asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriage of\u00a0Plasmodium knowlesi\u00a0malaria in household and community members of clinical cases in Sabah, Malaysia. J Infect Dis. 2015;213:784\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003758","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003758","volume":"9","author":"A Waltmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waltmann A, Darcy AW, Harris I, Koepfli C, Lodo J, Vahi V, et al. High rates of asymptomatic, sub-microscopic\u00a0Plasmodium vivax\u00a0infection and disappearing\u00a0Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of low transmission in Solomon Islands. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9:e0003758.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-274","volume":"13","author":"LM Cohee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cohee LM, Kalilani-Phiri L, Boudova S, Joshi S, Mukadam R, Seydel KB, et al. Submicroscopic malaria infection during pregnancy and the impact of intermittent preventive treatment. Malar J. 2014;13:274.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2241","volume":"3","author":"LC Okell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okell LC, Bousema T, Griffin JT, Ouedrago AL, Ghani AC, Drakeley CJ. Factors determining the occurrence of submicroscopic malaria infections and their relevance for control. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1237.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2147_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2014.02.004","volume":"30","author":"JT Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin JT, Saunders DL, Meshnick SR. The role of submicroscopic malaria in malaria transmission: what is the evidence? Trends Parasitol. 2014;30:183\u201390.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2147_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001942","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001942","volume":"13","author":"I Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen I, Clarke SE, Gosling R, Hamainza B, Killeen G, Magill A, et al. \u201cAsymptomatic\u201d malaria: a chronic and debilitating infection that should be treated. PLoS Med. 2016;13:e1001942.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2147_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw849","volume":"64","author":"S Portugal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Portugal S, Tran TM, Ongoiba A, Bathily A, Li S, Doumbo S, et al. Treatment of chronic asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection does not increase the risk of clinical malaria upon reinfection. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:645\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw852","volume":"64","author":"NJ White","year":"2017","unstructured":"White NJ. The consequences of treating asymptomatic malaria parasitemia. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:654\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2147_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762008000700007","volume":"103","author":"ZM Cucunub\u00e1","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cucunub\u00e1 ZM, Guerra AP, Rahirant SJ, Rivera JA, Cort\u00e9s LJ, Nicholls RS. Asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infection in Tierralta, Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008;103:668\u201373.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2147_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-27","volume":"4","author":"OL Branch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Branch OL, Casapia WM, Gamboa DV, Hernandez JN, Alava FF, Roncal N, et al. Clustered local transmission and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria infections in a recently emerged, hypoendemic Peruvian Amazon community. Malar J. 2005;4:27.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2147_CR37","unstructured":"Nusa RES, dan Rohmansyah WN. Fauna Nyamuk Anopheles di Wilayah Perbukitan Desa Pandean, Kab. Trenggalek dan Potensinya sebagai Vektor Malaria. In: Prasetyowati H, Hakim L, editors. Fauna Anopheles. Surabaya: Health Advocacy Yayasan Pemberdayaan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Loka Litbang Ciamis. 2013. p. 37\u201349. (In Indonesian)."},{"key":"2147_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2009.00027.x","volume":"34","author":"CA Stoops","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stoops CA, Rusmiarto A, Susapto D, Munif A, Andris H, Barbara A, et al. Bionomics of Anopheles spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in a malaria endemic region of Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. J Vector Ecol. 2009;34:200\u20137.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-017-2147-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T22:39:15Z","timestamp":1515105555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-017-2147-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-017-2147-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]]},"article-number":"2"}}