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This study assessed female and male gametocyte dynamics after treating children with uncomplicated <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria with either pyronaridine\u2013artesunate (PA) or artemether\u2013lumefantrine (AL).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Kenyan children with uncomplicated <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria were included and randomly assigned to PA or AL treatment. Filter paper blood samples were collected as a source of RNA for quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and nucleic acid sequence based amplification (QT-NASBA) to detect female gametocytes (targeting <jats:italic>Pfs25<\/jats:italic> mRNA). Male gametocytes were detected by qRT-PCR (targeting <jats:italic>PfMGET<\/jats:italic> mRNA). Duration of gametocyte carriage, the female and male gametocyte response and the agreement between qRT-PCR and QT-NASBA were determined.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mean duration of female gametocyte carriage was significantly longer for PA (4.9\u00a0days) than for AL (3.8\u00a0days) as estimated by QT-NASBA (P\u2009=\u20090.036), but this difference was less clear when determined by <jats:italic>Pfs25<\/jats:italic> qRT-PCR (4.5\u00a0days for PA and 3.7 for AL, P\u2009=\u20090.166). qRT-PCR based female gametocyte prevalence decreased from 100% (75\/75) at baseline to 6.06% (4\/66) at day 14 in the AL group and from 97.7% (83\/85) to 13.9% (11\/79) in the PA group. Male gametocyte prevalence decreased from 41.3% (31\/75) at baseline to 19.7% (13\/66) at day 14 in the AL group and from 35.3% (30\/85) to 22.8% (18\/79) in the PA group. There was good agreement between <jats:italic>Pfs25<\/jats:italic> qRT-PCR and QT-NASBA female gametocyte prevalence (0.85, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.87).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study indicates that female gametocyte clearance may be slightly faster after AL compared to PA. Male gametocytes showed similar post-treatment clearance between study arms. Future studies should further address potential differences between the post-treatment transmission potential after PA compared to AL.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic> This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT02411994. Registration date: 8 April 2015. <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02411994%3fterm%3dpyronaridine-artesunate%26cond%3dMalaria%26cntry%3dKE%26rank%3d1\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02411994?term=pyronaridine-artesunate&amp;cond=Malaria&amp;cntry=KE&amp;rank=1<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2373-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T14:24:46Z","timestamp":1528122286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte dynamics after pyronaridine\u2013artesunate or artemether\u2013lumefantrine treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02411994","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8750-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Roth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Omweri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Osoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicodemus","family":"Makio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teun","family":"Bousema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk D. 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