{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:06:09Z","timestamp":1793703969507,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust","award":["WT102350\/Z\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT102350\/Z\/13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T12:38:14Z","timestamp":1539693494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Dramatic decreases of malaria transmission intensities in Ifakara, south-eastern Tanzania since early 2000s"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marceline F.","family":"Finda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Limwagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halfan S.","family":"Ngowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy S.","family":"Matowo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnson K.","family":"Swai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kaindoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredros O.","family":"Okumu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2511_CR1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs. World urbanization prospects\u20142014 revisions. United Nations. 2014. http:\/\/esa.un.org\/unpd\/wup\/Highlights\/WUP2014-Highlights.pdf . Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR2","unstructured":"World Population Review. World population review: Tanzania. 2018. http:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/tanzania-population\/ . Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR3","unstructured":"World Bank. World development indicators 2017. Washington, DC. 2017. https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/26447 .\u00a0Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR4","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. 2002 Population and housing census: population distribution by administrative areas. 2003."},{"key":"2511_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","volume":"526","author":"S Bhatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhatt S, Weiss DJ, Cameron E, Bisanzio D, Mappin B, Dalrymple U. The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2016;526:207\u201311.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2511_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01043-6","volume":"4","author":"SI Hay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Snow RW. The global distribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and future. Lancet Infect Dis. 2004;4:327\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2511_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-133","volume":"12","author":"AJ Tatem","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tatem AJ, Gething PW, Smith DL, Hay SI. Urbanization and the global malaria recession. Malar J. 2013;12:133.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-12","volume":"4","author":"MJ Donnelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Donnelly MJ, McCall P, Lengeler C, Bates I, D\u2019Alessandro U, Barnish G, et al. Malaria and urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J. 2005;4:12.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1069","volume":"3","author":"SI Hay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hay SI, Guerra CA, Tatem AJ, Atkinson PM, Snow RW. Urbanization, malaria transmission and disease burden in Africa. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;3:81\u201390.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2511_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-403","volume":"11","author":"Q Qi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qi Q, Guerra C, Moyes CL, Elyazar IRF, Gething PW, Hay SI, et al. The effects of urbanization on global Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission. Malar J. 2012;11:403.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR11","first-page":"17","volume":"25","author":"TA Freyvogel","year":"1968","unstructured":"Freyvogel TA, Kihaule PM. Report on a limited anopheline survey at Ifakara, South-Eastern Tanzania. Acta Trop. 1968;25:17\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2511_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90068-M","volume":"54","author":"T Smith","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smith T, Charlwood JD, Kihonda J, Mwankusye S, Billingsley P, Meuwissen J, et al. Absence of seasonal-variation in malaria parasitemia in an area of intense seasonal transmission. Acta Trop. 1993;54:55\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2511_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01100.x","volume":"8","author":"C Drakeley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drakeley C, Schellenberg D, Kihonda J, Sousa CA, Arez AP, Lopes D, et al. An estimation of the entomological inoculation rate for Ifakara: a semi-urban area in a region of intense malaria transmission in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8:767\u201374.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2511_CR14","unstructured":"Agwanda A, Amani H. Population growth, structure, and momentum in Tanzania. Economic and Social Research Foundation; 2014. http:\/\/www.thdr.or.tz\/docs\/THDR-BP-7.pdf .\u00a0Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR15","unstructured":"Worrall L, Colenbrander S, Palmer I, Makene F, Mushi D, Kida T, et al. Better urban growth in Tanzania: a preliminary exploration of the opportunities and challenges. Coalition for urban transitions. 2017. http:\/\/www.esrf.or.tz\/docs\/NCE2017_Better_Urban_Growth_Tanzania_final.pdf .\u00a0Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-164","volume":"9","author":"S Alba","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alba S, Hetzel MW, Goodman C, Dillip A, Liana J, Mshinda H, et al. Improvements in access to malaria treatment in Tanzania after switch to artemisinin combination therapy and the introduction of accredited drug dispensing outlets\u2014a provider perspective. Malar J. 2010;9:164.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1902-0","volume":"16","author":"K Kramer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kramer K, Mandike R, Nathan R, Mohamed A, Lynch M, Brown N, et al. Effectiveness and equity of the Tanzania National Voucher Scheme for mosquito nets over 10\u00a0years of implementation. Malar J. 2017;16:255.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-4-55","volume":"4","author":"K Mugittu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mugittu K, Abdulla S, Falk N, Masanja H, Felger I, Mshinda H, et al. Efficacy of sulfadoxine\u2013pyrimethamine in Tanzania after two years as first-line drug for uncomplicated malaria: assessment protocol and implication for treatment policy strategies. Malar J. 2005;4:55.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141112","volume":"10","author":"P Smithson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smithson P, Florey L, Salgado SR, Hershey CL, Masanja H, Bhattarai A, et al. Impact of malaria control on mortality and anemia among Tanzanian children less than five years of age, 1999\u20132010. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0141112.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2511_CR20","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. 2012 population and housing census population distribution by administrative areas. NBS ministry of finance. 2013."},{"key":"2511_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0177807","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177807","volume":"12","author":"EW Kaindoa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaindoa EW, Matowo NS, Ngowo HS, Mkandawile G, Mmbando A, Finda M, et al. Interventions that effectively target Anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern Tanzania. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0177807.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2511_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12928.1","volume":"2","author":"HS Ngowo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ngowo HS, Kaindoa EW, Matthiopoulos J, Ferguson HM, Okumu FO. Variations in household microclimate affect outdoor-biting behaviour of malaria vectors. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:102.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2511_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv068","volume":"44","author":"E Geubbels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geubbels E, Amri S, Levira F, Schellenberg J, Masanja H, Nathan R. Health demographic surveillance system profile: the Ifakara rural and urban health and demographic surveillance system (Ifakara HDSS). Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44:848\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2511_CR24","unstructured":"John W. Hock company. CDC miniature light trap\u2014Model 512. 2012. http:\/\/www.JohnWHock.com .\u00a0Accessed Janury 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.595","volume":"59","author":"LE Mboera","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mboera LE, Kihonda J, Braks MA, Knols GG. Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:595\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"2511_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-257","volume":"13","author":"A Hiscox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiscox A, Otieno B, Kibet A, Mweresa CK, Omusula P, Geier M, et al. Development and optimization of the Suna trap as a tool for mosquito monitoring and control. Malar J. 2014;13:257.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8951","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008951","volume":"5","author":"FO Okumu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okumu FO, Killeen GF, Ogoma S, Biswaro L, Smallegange RC, Mbeyela E, et al. Development and field evaluation of a synthetic mosquito lure that is more attractive than humans. PLoS ONE. 2010;5:e8951.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2511_CR28","first-page":"261","volume":"20","author":"Y Saitosh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saitosh Y, Hattori J, Chinone S, Nihei N, Tsuda Y, Kurahashi H, et al. Yeast-generated CO2 as a convenient source of carbon dioxide for adult mosquito sampling. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2004;20:261\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"2511_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"47","author":"TS Detinova","year":"1962","unstructured":"Detinova TS, Beklemishev WN, Bertram DS. Age-grouping methods in diptera, with special reference to some vectors of malaria. World Health Organ Monogr Ser. 1962;47:1\u2013213.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Monogr Ser"},{"key":"2511_CR30","first-page":"343","volume-title":"The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region)","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gillies MT, De Meillon B. The Anophelinae of Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian Zoogeographical Region). Johannesburg: The South African Institute for Medical Research; 1968. p. 343."},{"key":"2511_CR31","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara","author":"MT Gillies","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gillies MT, Coetzee MA. Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara. Johannesburg: South African Institute for Medical Research; 1987. p. 143."},{"key":"2511_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.804","volume":"66","author":"LL Koekemoer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koekemoer LL, Kamau L, Hunt RH, Coetzee MT. A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:804\u201311.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2511_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.520","volume":"49","author":"JA Scott","year":"1993","unstructured":"Scott JA, Brogdon WG, Collins FH. Identification of single specimens of the Anopheles gambiae complex by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993;49:520\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2511_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/27.3.377","volume":"27","author":"JC Beier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Beier JC, Perkins PV, Koros JK, Onyango FK, Gargan TP, Wirtz RA, Koech DK, Roberts CR. Malaria sporozoite detection by dissection and ELISA to assess infectivity of afrotropical Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1990;27:377\u201384.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2511_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.1.9","volume":"25","author":"JC Beier","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beier JC, Perkins PV, Koros JK, Diggs D, Gargan TP, Wirtz RA, Koech DK. Bloodmeal identification by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tested on Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kenya. J Med Entomol. 1988;25:9\u201316.","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2511_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90198-0","volume":"93","author":"L Lochuarn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lochuarn L, Fontenille D. ELISA detection of malaria sporozoites: false-positive results in Anopheles gambiae s.l. associated with bovine bloodmeals. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1999;93:101\u20132.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2511_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.10.004","volume":"125","author":"K Bashar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bashar K, Tuno N, Ahmed T, Howlander A. False positivity of circumsporozoite protein (CSP)-ELISA in zoophilic Anophelines in Bangladesh. Acta Trop. 2013;125:220\u20135.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2511_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-195","volume":"10","author":"L Durnez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durnez L, Van Bortel W, Denis L, Roelants P, Veracx A, Trung HD. False positive circumsporozoite protein ELISA: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination. Malar J. 2011;10:195.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR39","first-page":"4","volume":"22","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2013;22:4.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"2511_CR40","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2016. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/ .\u00a0Accessed May 2018.\u00a0"},{"key":"2511_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker BM, Walker SC. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw. 2015;67:1\u201348.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw."},{"key":"2511_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/10556788.2011.597854","volume":"27","author":"DA Fournier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fournier DA, Skaug HJ, Ancheta J, Magnusson A, Maunder MN, Nielsen A. Optimization methods and software AD model builder: using automatic differentiation for statistical inference of highly parameterized complex nonlinear models. Optim Methods Softw. 2012;27:233\u201349.","journal-title":"Optim Methods Softw"},{"key":"2511_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3","volume-title":"Elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Whickham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Whickham H. Elegant graphics for data analysis. Berlin: Springer; 2009."},{"key":"2511_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1995.11812943","volume":"89","author":"TR Burkot","year":"1995","unstructured":"Burkot TR, Graves PM. The value of vector-based estimates of malaria transmission. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1995;89:125\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"2511_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300051981","volume":"85","author":"J Charlwood","year":"1995","unstructured":"Charlwood J, Smith T, Kihonda J, Heiz B, Billingsley P, Takken W. Density independent feeding success of malaria vectors in Tanzania. Bull Entomol Res. 1995;85:29\u201335.","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res."},{"key":"2511_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2174\/1874315300801010051","volume":"1","author":"FO Okumu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okumu FO, Kihonda J, Mathenge E, Kotas ME, Moore SJ, Killeen GF. Comparative evaluation of methods used for sampling malaria vectors in the Kilombero Valley, South Eastern Tanzania. Open Trop Med J. 2008;1:51\u20135.","journal-title":"Open Trop Med J"},{"key":"2511_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0761-9","volume":"14","author":"OJT Bri\u00ebt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bri\u00ebt OJT, Huho BJ, Gimnig JE, Bayoh N, Seyoum A, Sikaala CH. Applications and limitations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps for measuring biting densities of African malaria vector populations: a pooled-analysis of 13 comparisons with human landing catches. Malar J. 2015;14:247.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x","volume":"24","author":"A Getis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Getis A, Ord J. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal. 1992;24:189\u2013206.","journal-title":"Geogr Anal"},{"key":"2511_CR49","first-page":"157","volume-title":"A research agenda for geographic information science, chapt. 6","author":"A Getis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Getis A, Ord J. Spatial analysis and modeling in a GIS environment. In: McMaster R, Usery EL, editors. A research agenda for geographic information science, chapt. 6. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1996. p. 157\u201396."},{"key":"2511_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12617.1","volume":"2","author":"NS Matowo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matowo NS, Munhenga G, Tanner M, Coetzee M, Feringa WF, Ngowo HS, et al. Fine-scale spatial and temporal heterogeneities in insecticide resistance profiles of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in rural south-eastern Tanzania. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:96.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"2511_CR51","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics. 2012 Population and housing census; Population distribution by administrative areas. Natl Bur Stat; 2013."},{"key":"2511_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1268-8","volume":"15","author":"EW Kaindoa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaindoa EW, Mkandawile G, Ligamba G, Kelly-Hope LA, Okumu FO. Correlations between household occupancy and malaria vector biting risk in rural Tanzanian villages: implications for high-resolution spatial targeting of control interventions. Malar J. 2016;15:199.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-121","volume":"7","author":"GF Killeen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Killeen GF, Tami A, Kihonda J, Okumu FO, Kotas ME, Grundmann H, et al. Cost-sharing strategies combining targeted public subsidies with private-sector delivery achieve high bednet coverage and reduced malaria transmission in Kilombero Valley, southern Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:121.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2511_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-80","volume":"10","author":"TL Russell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Russell TL, Govella NJ, Azizi S, Drakeley CJ, Kachur SP, Killeen GF. Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J. 2011;10:80.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-85","volume":"12","author":"S Renggli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renggli S, Mandike R, Kramer K, Patrick F, Brown NJ, McElroy PD, et al. Design, implementation and evaluation of a national campaign to deliver 18 million free long-lasting insecticidal nets to uncovered sleeping spaces in Tanzania. Malar J. 2013;12:85.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01059.x","volume":"8","author":"SW Lindsay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindsay SW, Jawara M, Paine K, Pinder M, Walraven GEL, Emerson PM. Changes in house design reduce exposure to malaria mosquitoes. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8:512\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"2511_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-9-122","volume":"9","author":"AM Shaukat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shaukat AM, Breman JG, McKenzie FE. Using the entomological inoculation rate to assess the impact of vector control on malaria parasite transmission and elimination. Malar J. 2010;9:122.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-19","volume":"8","author":"LA Kelly-Hope","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kelly-Hope LA, McKenzie FE. The multiplicity of malaria transmission: a review of entomological inoculation rate measurements and methods across sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J. 2009;8:19.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"2511_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4922(00)01814-6","volume":"17","author":"TA Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith TA, Leuenberger R, Lengeler C. Child mortality and malaria transmission intensity in Africa. Trends Parasitol. 2001;17:145\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2511_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.109","volume":"61","author":"JC Beier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beier JC, Killeen GF, Githure JI. Entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;61:109\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2511_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.01.002","volume":"29","author":"JN Ulrich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ulrich JN, Naranjo DP, Alimi TO, M\u00fcller GC, Beier JC. How much vector control is needed to achieve malaria elimination? Trends Parasitol. 2013;29:104\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2511_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002455","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002455","volume":"14","author":"The malERA Refresh Consultative Panel on Tools for Malaria Elimination","year":"2017","unstructured":"The malERA Refresh Consultative Panel on Tools for Malaria Elimination. malERA: an updated research agenda for diagnostics, drugs, vaccines, and vector control in malaria elimination and eradication. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002455.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2511_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2196-3","volume":"10","author":"AD Sheppard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheppard AD, Rund SSC, George GF, Clark E, Acri DJ, Duffield GE. Light manipulation of mosquito behaviour: acute and sustained photic suppression of biting activity in the Anopheles gambiae malaria mosquito. Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:255.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2511_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.12458.1","volume":"2","author":"EW Kaindoa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaindoa EW, Ngowo HS, Limwagu A, Mkandawile G, Kihonda J, Masalu JP, et al. New evidence of mating swarms of the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Tanzania. Wellcome Open Res. 2017;2:88.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T01:32:48Z","timestamp":1693963968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-018-2511-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"362"}}