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Even though insecticide resistance to pyrethroids and DDT have been reported in <jats:italic>Anopheles albimanus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles benarrochi<\/jats:italic> sensu lato (s.l.), <jats:italic>Anopheles darlingi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anopheles nuneztovari<\/jats:italic> s.l., and <jats:italic>Anopheles pseudopunctipennis<\/jats:italic> s.l. malaria vectors in Latin America, there is a knowledge gap on the role that kdr resistance mechanisms play in this resistance. The aim of this study was to establish the role that kdr mechanisms play in pyrethroid and DDT resistance in the main malaria vectors in Colombia, in addition to previously reported metabolic resistance mechanisms, such as mixed function oxidases (MFO) and nonspecific esterases (NSE) enzyme families.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Surviving (n\u2009=\u200962) and dead (n\u2009=\u200967) <jats:italic>An. nuneztovari<\/jats:italic> s.l., <jats:italic>An. darlingi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>An. albimanus<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes exposed to diagnostic concentrations of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides were used to amplify and sequence a ~\u2009225\u00a0bp fragment of the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC<jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic> gene. This fragment spanning codons 1010, 1013 and 1014 at the S6 segment of domain II to identify point mutations, which have been associated with insecticide resistance in different species of <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> malaria vectors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>No <jats:italic>kdr<\/jats:italic> mutations were detected in the coding sequence of this fragment in 129 samples, 62 surviving mosquitoes and 67 dead mosquitoes, of <jats:italic>An. darlingi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>An. nuneztovari<\/jats:italic> s.l. and <jats:italic>An. albimanus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mutations in the VGSC gene, most frequently reported in other species of the genus <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic> resistant to pyrethroid and DDT, are not associated with the low-intensity resistance detected to these insecticides in some populations of the main malaria vectors in Colombia. These results suggest that metabolic resistance mechanisms previously reported in these populations might be responsible for the resistance observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-3034-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T13:03:14Z","timestamp":1575291794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Absence of knockdown mutations in pyrethroid and DDT resistant populations of the main malaria vectors in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7232-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena I.","family":"Orjuela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana A.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Grisales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Ahumada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Venegas H","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda F.","family":"Yasnot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3034_CR1","volume-title":"World malaria report 2018","author":"WHO","year":"2018","unstructured":"WHO. 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