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Despite its strategic location and importance, malaria epidemiology and molecular status of chloroquine resistance had not been well documented, and since chloroquine (CQ), as the first-line treatment in <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection was discontinued since 2008, it was expected that CQ-sensitive haplotype would be more abundant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria epidemiology data for the period 2010 to 2018 was collected from the office of State Vector Disease Control Programme. <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>-positive blood samples were collected from government district hospitals, community health centres, primary health centres, sub-centres, and diagnostic centres from six malaria-prone districts. The samples were processed and analysed using genes\u2013<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> chloroquine-resistant transporter (<jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> multidrug resistance 1 (<jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>) via sequencing of PCR amplicon from 2015 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Malaria occurred throughout the year and <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> accounted for\u2009&gt;\u200989% of total malaria cases. During 2010\u20132018, the highest number of malaria incidence was recorded in Lawngtlai (36% of total malaria cases; average API<jats:sub>2010\u20132018<\/jats:sub> of 34.8) while Champhai remained consistently low (0.4%; average API<jats:sub>2010\u20132018<\/jats:sub> of 0.04). Males of \u2265\u200915\u00a0years old contributed maximum (35.7%) among gender and age malarial distribution recorded during 2014\u20132018. Death due to malaria gradually decreased over the years. A higher abundance of mutated <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> (58.5% of the total sample analysed) and a lower prevalence of mutated <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> (48.7%) were observed. All mutations identified for <jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic> belong to the Southeast Asian CVIET haplotype. Only a single point mutation was observed at 86 (N\u2009\u2192\u2009Y) position in <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> (48.7%). The key N86Y mutation in <jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic> that had been shown to modulate CQR was found in 67.1% of the samples positive for the CVIET haplotype.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first report that details malaria epidemiology and also the molecular status of CQ-resistance in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> population of the region. The efforts of the State Vector Borne Disease Control Programme have proved to be quite effective in controlling the malaria burden in the state. Despite the discontinuation of CQ for a decade, local <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> is observed with decreased CQ-sensitive haplotype. It is believed that the present findings will form a basis for further studies on genetic diversity in <jats:italic>P. falciparum,<\/jats:italic> which could confer better understanding of the complexity of the disease in Southeast Asia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03170-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T08:02:54Z","timestamp":1582790574000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5318-3806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Zomuanpuii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Hmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khawlhring","family":"Lallawmzuala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lal","family":"Hlimpuia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Balabaskaran Nina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nachimuthu","family":"Senthil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3170_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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Samples were collected after getting consent from the patients (and guardians) and for patients less than 10\u00a0years of age, consent was obtained from their guardians (parents).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"95"}}