{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:05:15Z","timestamp":1790521515645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ongoing efforts to fight <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria has reduced malaria in many areas, but new tools are needed to monitor further progress, including indicators of decreasing exposure to parasite infection. Sero-surveillance is considered promising to monitor exposure, transmission and immunity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>IgG responses to three antigen biomarkers were evaluated in a retrospective study involving: (i) surveys of 798 asymptomatic villagers from 2 Senegalese endemic settings conducted before 2002 and after the 2013 intensification of control measures, and (ii) in 105 symptomatic individuals from different settings in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire. Response to up to eight <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> antigens, including recombinant MSP1p9 antigen and LSA1<jats:sub>41<\/jats:sub> peptide, were analysed using multiplex technology and responses to whole <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> schizont extract (SE, local strain adapted to culture) were measured by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MSP1p9 and LSA1<jats:sub>41<\/jats:sub> IgG responses were shown to be relevant indicators monitoring immune status in the different study sites both from C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Senegal. Between 2002 and 2013, individuals participating in both studies showed higher decline of sero-positivity in young (&lt;\u200915\u00a0years: range 12% to 50%) than older (&gt;\u200915\u00a0years: no decline to 15%) individuals from Dielmo and Ndiop. A mathematical sero-catalytic model from the complete Dielmo\/Ndiop survey was used to reconstruct declining levels of sero-positivity in more detail, demonstrating that anti-SE seroprevalence levels most accurately reflected malaria exposure in the two villages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For standard screening of population immune status at sites envisaging elimination, the use of ELISA-based assays targeting selected antigens can contribute to provide important epidemiologic surveillance data to aid malaria control programmes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03186-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T13:02:50Z","timestamp":1584622970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Practical example of multiple antibody screening for evaluation of malaria control strategies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makhtar","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babacar","family":"Mbengue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatoumata","family":"Diene Sarr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Offianan","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Perraut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3186_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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The Dielmo\/Ndiop project has been carried out over 25\u00a0years and presently ongoing. The project protocol and objectives were carefully explained to the assembled villagers, and informed written consent was obtained from all participants or their parents or guardians. Consent is individually renewed from all subjects; anyone can withdraw from the study and the follow-up procedure at any time. The protocol was approved by the Senegalese National Health Research Ethics Committee. An agreement between the Fondation Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) and the Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Pr\u00e9vention of Senegal defines all research activities.In C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the protocol of surveillance was approved by the National Committee of the Ministry of Health taking place in the national procedure of malaria surveillance in health centre of the country. Individual informed written consent was obtained from participants\/parents\/guardians. In case of an illiterate patient, his\/her thumb impression and signature of an independent witness were obtained. The study was conducted in accordance with the local laws and regulations, International Conference on Harmonization\u2014Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Comit\u00e9 National d\u2019Ethique et de Recherche de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (N\u00b056\/MSLS\/CNER-dkn). All clinical cases were treated and followed-up according to the standard national procedure.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests that exist.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}