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Monthly entomological surveys were conducted in a sample of 21 improved and 21 non-improved houses from November 2014 to October 2015. Mosquitoes sampled from night collections on human volunteers were identified morphologically and their parity status determined. Mosquito infectivity was verified through\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      CSP ELISA and the average entomological inoculation rates determined. A Reduction Factor (RF), defined as the ratio of the values for mosquitoes collected outdoor to those collected indoor was calculated in improved houses (RFI) and non-improved houses (RFN). An Intervention Effect (IE\u2009=\u2009RFI\/RFN) measured the true effect of the intervention. Chi square test was used to determine variable significance. The threshold for statistical significance was set at P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1113 mosquitoes were collected comprising\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp (58.6%),\n                      <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp (36.4%),\n                      <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp (2.5%),\n                      <jats:italic>Mansonia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp (2.4%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Coquillettidia<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp (0.2%). Amongst the Anophelines were\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu lato (\n                      <jats:italic>s.l<\/jats:italic>\n                      .) (95.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles funestus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2.9%),\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles ziemanni<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.2%),\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles brohieri<\/jats:italic>\n                      (1.2%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles paludis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (0.5%).\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      sensu stricto (\n                      <jats:italic>s.s.<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was the only\n                      <jats:italic>An. gambiae<\/jats:italic>\n                      sibling species found. The intervention reduced the indoor\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      density by 1.8-fold (RFI\u2009=\u20093.99; RFN\u2009=\u20092.21;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The indoor density of parous\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      was reduced by 1.7-fold (RFI\u2009=\u20093.99; RFN\u2009=\u20092.21;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.04<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and that of infected\n                      <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                      by 1.8-fold (RFI\u2009=\u20093.26; RFN\u2009=\u20091.78;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.04<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Indoor peak biting rates were observed between 02 a.m. to 04 a.m. in non-improved houses and from 02 a.m. to 06 a.m. in improved houses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Housing improvement contributed to reducing indoor residual anopheline density and malaria transmission. This highlights the need for policy specialists to further evaluate and promote aspects of house design as a complementary control tool that could reduce indoor human\u2013vector contact and malaria transmission in similar epidemiological settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03232-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T08:02:36Z","timestamp":1588492956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The effect of improved housing on indoor mosquito density and exposure to malaria in the rural community of Minkoameyos, Centre Region of Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Nguela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude D.","family":"Bigoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tedjou N.","family":"Armel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tallah","family":"Esther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmo","family":"Line","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Njeambosay A.","family":"Boris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tchouine","family":"Frederic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riksum","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred F.","family":"Mbacham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose G. 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Participation in the study was voluntary and all matters relating to the study were clearly explained to the participants prior to obtaining the informed consent. Consent of household heads was sought prior to using their houses for mosquito collection. Participation in mosquito collection was also voluntary and only those adequately trained and who mastered the collection process were retained. They were closely monitored and treated accordingly in case they contracted malaria thereafter.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethic approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"172"}}