{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:22:29Z","timestamp":1767831749267,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1148921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1148921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Malar J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Population-wide interventions using malaria testing and treatment might decrease the reservoir of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection and accelerate towards elimination. Questions remain about their effectiveness and evidence from different transmission settings is needed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A pilot quasi-experimental study to evaluate a package of population-wide test and treat interventions was conducted in six health facility catchment areas (HFCA) in the districts of Kanel, Lingu\u00e8re, and Ran\u00e9rou (Senegal). Seven adjacent HFCAs were selected as comparison. Villages within the intervention HFCAs were stratified according to the 2013 incidences of passively detected malaria cases, and those with an incidence\u2009\u2265\u200915 cases\/1000\/year were targeted for a mass test and treat (MTAT) in September 2014. All households were visited, all consenting individuals were tested with a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and, if positive, treated with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. This was followed by weekly screening, testing and treatment of fever cases (PECADOM++) until the end of the transmission season in January 2015. Villages with lower incidence received only PECADOM++ or case investigation. To evaluate the impact of the interventions over that transmission season, the incidence of passively detected, RDT-confirmed malaria cases was compared between the intervention and comparison groups with a difference-in-difference analysis using negative binomial regression with random effects on HFCA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During MTAT, 89% (2225\/2503) of households were visited and 86% (18,992\/22,170) of individuals were tested, for a combined 77% effective coverage. Among those tested, 291 (1.5%) were RDT positive (range 0\u201310.8 by village), of whom 82% were\u2009&lt;\u200920\u00a0years old and 70% were afebrile. During the PECADOM++ 40,002 visits were conducted to find 2784 individuals reporting fever, with an RDT positivity of 6.5% (170\/2612). The combination of interventions resulted in an estimated 38% larger decrease in malaria case incidence in the intervention compared to the comparison group (adjusted incidence risk ratio\u2009=\u20090.62, 95% CI 0.45\u20130.84, p\u2009=\u20090.002). The cost of the MTAT was $14.3 per person.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It was operationally feasible to conduct MTAT and PECADOM++ with high coverage, although PECADOM++ was not an efficient strategy to complement MTAT. The modest impact of the intervention package suggests a need for alternative or complementary strategies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T13:38:34Z","timestamp":1594733914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mass testing and treatment for malaria followed by weekly fever screening, testing and treatment in Northern Senegal: feasibility, cost and impact"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ruben O.","family":"Conner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yakou","family":"Dieye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hainsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adama","family":"Tall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Badara","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farba","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mame Demba","family":"Sy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doudou","family":"Sene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Souleymane","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elhadji","family":"Doucour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tidiane","family":"Thiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moussa","family":"Diop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kammerle","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moustapha","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mady","family":"Ba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan","family":"Earle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Guinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Steketee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Guinovart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61270-6","volume":"376","author":"RG Feachem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feachem RG, Phillips AA, Hwang J, Cotter C, Wielgosz B, Greenwood BM, et al. Shrinking the malaria map: progress and prospects. Lancet. 2010;376:1566\u201378.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3313_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00230-0","volume":"387","author":"G Newby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newby G, Bennett A, Larson E, Cotter C, Shretta R, Phillips AA, et al. The path to eradication: a progress report on the malaria-eliminating countries. Lancet. 2016;387:1775\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3313_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-86","volume":"10","author":"JI Thwing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thwing JI, Perry RT, Townes DA, Diouf MB, Ndiaye S, Thior M. Success of Senegal\u2019s first nationwide distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets to children under five\u2014contribution toward universal coverage. Malar J. 2011;10:86.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3313_CR4","unstructured":"The DHS Program\u2014Senegal: Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS), 2008. http:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/what-we-do\/survey\/survey-display-338.cfm. Accessed Jan 13 2017."},{"key":"3313_CR5","unstructured":"Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la D\u00e9mographie, the DHS program ICF. S\u00e9n\u00e9gal: Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 Continue 2017. 2018. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR345\/FR345.pdf."},{"key":"3313_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020179","volume":"6","author":"LC Okell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Okell LC, Griffin JT, Kleinschmidt I, Hollingsworth TD, Churcher TS, White MJ, et al. The potential contribution of mass treatment to the control of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20179.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3313_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0347","volume":"92","author":"DA Larsen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larsen DA, Bennett A, Silumbe K, Hamainza B, Yukich JO, Keating J, et al. Population-wide malaria testing and treatment with rapid diagnostic tests and artemether-lumefantrine in southern Zambia: a community randomized step-wedge control trial design. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2015;92:913\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3313_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu655","volume":"211","author":"J Cook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cook J, Xu W, Msellem M, Vonk M, Bergstr\u00f6m B, Gosling R, et al. Mass screening and treatment on the basis of results of a Plasmodium falciparum-specific rapid diagnostic test did not reduce malaria incidence in Zanzibar. J Infect Dis. 2015;211:1476\u201383.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3313_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-79","volume":"12","author":"AB Tiono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tiono AB, Ou\u00e9draogo A, Ogutu B, Diarra A, Coulibaly S, Gansan\u00e9 A, et al. A controlled, parallel, cluster-randomized trial of community-wide screening and treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium falciparum in Burkina Faso. Malar J. 2013;12:79.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3313_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031743","volume":"7","author":"C Linard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Linard C, Gilbert M, Snow RW, Noor AM, Tatem AJ. Population distribution, settlement patterns and accessibility across Africa in 2010. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e31743.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3313_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.123","volume":"51","author":"JF Trape","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trape JF, Rogier C, Konate L, Diagne N, Bouganali H, Canque B, et al. The Dielmo project: a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;51:123\u201337.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3313_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-69","volume":"5","author":"ME Sinka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinka ME, Bangs MJ, Manguin S, Rubio-Palis Y, Chareonviriyaphap T, Coetzee M, et al. A global map of dominant malaria vectors. Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:69.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"3313_CR13","unstructured":"Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la D\u00e9mographie ICF. S\u00e9n\u00e9gal Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 Continue (EDS-Continue) 2014. 2015. https:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com\/publications\/publication-FR305-DHS-Final-Reports.cfm. Accessed May 3 2019."},{"key":"3313_CR14","volume-title":"Directives nationales de pr\u00e9vention et de prise en charge du paludisme","author":"Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme. Directives nationales de pr\u00e9vention et de prise en charge du paludisme. Dakar: Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 et de l\u2019Action Sociale; 2013."},{"key":"3313_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8028-4","volume-title":"Handbook on impact evaluation: quantitative methods and practices","author":"SR Khandker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khandker SR, Koolwal GB, Samad HA. Handbook on impact evaluation: quantitative methods and practices. Washington DC: World Bank Publications; 2009."},{"key":"3313_CR16","unstructured":"Early Warning and Environmental Monitoring Program. https:\/\/earlywarning.usgs.gov\/fews\/search\/Africa\/West%20Africa. Accessed Jan 13 2017."},{"key":"3313_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1457-5","volume":"15","author":"BA Larson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larson BA, Ngoma T, Silumbe K, Rutagwera M-RI, Hamainza B, Winters AM, et al. A framework for evaluating the costs of malaria elimination interventions: an application to reactive case detection in Southern Province of Zambia, 2014. Malar J. 2016;15:408.","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"3313_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2241","volume":"3","author":"LC Okell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okell LC, Bousema T, Griffin JT, Ou\u00e9draogo AL, Ghani AC, Drakeley CJ. Factors determining the occurrence of submicroscopic malaria infections and their relevance for control. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1237.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"3313_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01157-11","volume":"49","author":"SE Schachterle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schachterle SE, Mtove G, Levens JP, Clemens EG, Shi L, Raj A, et al. Prevalence and density-related concordance of three diagnostic tests for malaria in a region of Tanzania with hypoendemic malaria. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:3885\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3313_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix131","volume":"64","author":"N Ranadive","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ranadive N, Kunene S, Darteh S, Ntshalintshali N, Nhlabathi N, Dlamini N, et al. Limitations of rapid diagnostic testing in patients with suspected malaria: a diagnostic accuracy evaluation from Swaziland, a low-endemicity country aiming for malaria elimination. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:1221\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3313_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12564","volume":"20","author":"AM Linn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Linn AM, Ndiaye Y, Hennessee I, Gaye S, Linn P, Nordstrom K, et al. Reduction in symptomatic malaria prevalence through proactive community treatment in rural Senegal. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;20:1438\u201346.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health."},{"key":"3313_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-08","volume":"22","author":"DL Doolan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doolan DL, Dobano C, Baird JK. Acquired immunity to malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22:13\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"3313_CR23","volume-title":"The role of mass drug administration, mass screening and treatment, and focal screening and treatment for malaria","author":"Global Malaria Programme","year":"2015","unstructured":"Global Malaria Programme. The role of mass drug administration, mass screening and treatment, and focal screening and treatment for malaria. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"key":"3313_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-337","volume":"10","author":"MT White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White MT, Conteh L, Cibulskis R, Ghani AC. Costs and cost-effectiveness of malaria control interventions\u2013a systematic review. Malar J. 2011;10:337.","journal-title":"Malar J."},{"key":"3313_CR25","unstructured":"Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la D\u00e9mographie, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. S\u00e9n\u00e9gal: Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9 Continue (EDS-Continue) 2016. The DHS Program, Maryland, USA; 2017."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03484-2","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606694400000}}],"container-title":["Malaria Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T23:53:36Z","timestamp":1626220416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/malariajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12936-020-03313-6","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03484-2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1475-2875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1475-2875","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2020","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the Senegalese national ethics committee for biomedical research and was determined a non-research activity at PATH. The protocol was discussed with all local health authorities, who orally approved it and were involved in its implementation.Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or, for minors, their parents\/guardians before any study procedures were started.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"252"}}