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However, the recent increase of imported malaria cases and the presence of the vector<jats:italic>Anopheles pseudopunctipennis<\/jats:italic>in previously endemic areas in Chile require an active malaria surveillance programme.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specimens from 268 suspected malaria cases\u2014all imported\u2014collected between 2015 and 2018 at the Public Health Institute of Chile (ISP), were diagnosed by microscopy and positive cases were included for epidemiological analysis. A photo-induced electron transfer fluorogenic primer real-time PCR (PET-PCR) was used to confirm the presence of malaria parasites in available blood samples. Sanger sequencing of drug resistance molecular markers (<jats:italic>pfk13<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>pfcrt and pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>) and microsatellite (MS) analysis were performed in confirmed<jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>samples and results were related to origin of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of the 268 suspected cases, 65 were<jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>spp. positive by microscopy. A total of 63% of the malaria patients were male and 37% were female; 43\/65 of the patients acquired infections in South American endemic countries. Species confirmation of available blood samples by PET-PCR revealed that 15 samples were positive for<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>, 27 for<jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>and 4 were mixed infections. The<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>samples sequenced contained four mutant<jats:italic>pfcrt<\/jats:italic>genotypes (CVMNT, CVMET, CVIET and SVMNT) and three mutant<jats:italic>pfmdr1<\/jats:italic>genotypes (Y184F\/S1034C\/N1042D\/D1246Y, Y184F\/N1042D\/D1246Y and Y184F). MS analysis confirmed that all<jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>samples presented different haplotypes according to the suspected country of origin. Four patients with<jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic>infection returned to the health facilities due to relapses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The timely detection of polymorphisms associated with drug resistance will contribute to understanding if current drug policies in the country are appropriate for treatment of imported malaria cases and provide information about the most frequent resistant genotypes entering Chile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03353-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T13:03:48Z","timestamp":1597323828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi W.","family":"Lucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rispah","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatachalam","family":"Udhayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Jercic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5305-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stella M.","family":"Chenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3353_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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