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It is widely recognized that the parasite imports low molecular weight solutes from the plasma and the consumption of these nutrients by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> has been extensively analysed. However, although it was already shown that the parasite also imports functional proteins from the vertebrate host, the internalization route through the different infected erythrocyte membranes has not yet been elucidated. In order to further understand the uptake mechanism, the study examined the trafficking of human plasminogen from the extracellular medium into <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-infected red blood cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> clone 3D7 was cultured in standard HEPES-buffered RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 0.5% AlbuMAX. Exogenous human plasminogen was added to the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> culture and the uptake of this protein by the parasites was analysed by electron microscopy and Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were performed to investigate possible protein interactions that may assist plasminogen import into infected erythrocytes. The effect of pharmacological inhibitors of different cellular physiological processes in plasminogen uptake was also tested.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It was observed that plasminogen was selectively internalized by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-infected erythrocytes, with localization in plasma membrane erythrocyte and parasite\u2019s cytosol. The protein was not detected in parasitic food vacuole and haemoglobin-containing vesicles. Furthermore, in erythrocyte cytoplasm, plasminogen was associated with the parasite-derived membranous structures tubovesicular network (TVN) and Maurer\u2019s clefts. Several proteins were identified in immunoprecipitation assay and may be involved in the delivery of plasminogen across the <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> multiple compartments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings here reported reveal new features regarding the acquisition of plasma proteins of the host by <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>-infected erythrocytes, a mechanism that involves the exomembrane system, which is distinct from the haemoglobin uptake, clarifying a route that may be potentially targeted for inhibition studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03377-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T04:12:03Z","timestamp":1598415123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Human plasma plasminogen internalization route in Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"El Chamy Maluf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Yudi","family":"Icimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pollyana Maria Saud","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Budu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Leoni","family":"Gazarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Karaoglanovic","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"3377_CR1","unstructured":"1WHO. 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